我學《謙卦碑》……北潦 <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;">記得自己年少讀書時，學校是座舊時的孔廟。時正值文革時期，校園里石獸、石碑狼跡，或側或臥，更有殘缺者無數(shù)。經常和好玩的幾位同學，喜歡在斜臥在不平坦地面上，上面滿是線條細長，彎曲靈動，而我們又一字不識的幾塊巨碑上晃動取樂。有一次好奇地見到教我們美術課的李瑛老師用清水小心仔細地一遍又一遍洗清著碑文，然后用紙覆在上面，又用棉球蘸著墨汁輕輕地挨排拍打著碑面，那一個個清晰線條的字體顯現(xiàn)出來。那些字雖然一個也不認識，但很優(yōu)美漂亮。當時李瑛說了許多，也不記得了，首次曉得那是篆書。這也是我生平第一次見到的搨碑。</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;">好多年后，我才知道那是唐代大書家，李白的族叔，唐代大書法家李陽冰大名鼎鼎的《謙卦碑》。又過了好多年，一次我在帝都前門大街的中國書店里閑逛，居然看到《謙卦碑》搨帖影印本，當然它不一定是當年李瑛老師所搨。還是念著讀書時與它的舊情，于是買了一本，放家里也有好年了。這些天，疫情鬧著，宅在家里閑著，又將它翻出來。想起過去的往事，想到那位曾是徐悲鴻學生，孑然一身，孤獨終老的李瑛老師，己經做了古人。不覺有幾絲傷感，想到自己退休后無事學習書法，為何偏愛篆書？可能與《謙卦碑》有點關聯(lián)……</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;">于是開始臨習，算是自己對年少的無知懺悔，為曾站在碑體上晃悠取樂的那段年往事的贖罪。也算是給天堂里的李瑛老師補交一份作業(yè)，也許會給他在天孤獨的靈魂送去一點點慰籍……</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:justify;"><br></p> <h3>曾經校園僅存的大成殿</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">謙卦，地山謙卦，原文</span></h3><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《謙》：亨。君子有終。</span></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《彖》曰：謙，亨。天道下濟而光明，地道卑而上行。天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而流謙，鬼神害盈而福謙，人道惡盈而好謙。謙，尊而光，卑而不可逾，君子之終也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：地中有山，謙。君子以裒多益寡，稱物平施。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">初六，謙謙君子，用涉大川，吉。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“謙謙君子”，卑以自牧也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六二，鳴謙，貞吉。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“鳴謙貞吉”，中心得也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">九三，勞謙君子，有終，吉。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“勞謙君子”，萬民服也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六四，無不利，撝謙。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“無不利，撝謙”，不違則也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六五，不富以其鄰，利用侵伐，無不利。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“利用侵伐”，征不服也。</span><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">上六，鳴謙，利用行師征邑國。</span></h3><div class="lineheight" style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></div><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“鳴謙”，志未得也?！翱捎眯袔煛?，征邑國也。 </span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《謙》亨：君子有終。</span>《彖》曰：謙，亨。天</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">道下濟而光明，地道卑而上行。</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">天道虧盈而益謙，地道變盈而</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">流謙，鬼神害盈而福謙，</span></h3> <h3>人道惡盈而好謙。謙，尊而光，卑</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">而不可逾，君子之終也。</span></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：地</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">中有山，謙。君子以裒多益寡，稱</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">物平施。</span></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">初六，謙謙君子，用涉大</h3><h3><br></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">川，吉。</span></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“謙謙君子”，卑以自牧</h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">也。</h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"><br></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六二，鳴謙，貞吉。</h3><h3></h3><h3><br></h3><h3>《象》曰：“鳴謙貞<br></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">吉”，中心得也。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">九三，勞謙君子，有</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">終。吉。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“勞謙君子”，萬民服也。</span></h3><h3><br></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六四，無不利，撝謙。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“無不利，</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">撝謙”，不違則也。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">六五，不富以其</span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">鄰，利用侵伐，無不利。<br></span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“利用</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">侵伐”，征不服也。</span></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">上六，鳴謙，利用</h3><h3></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;"></span></h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">行師征邑國。</span></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><h3></h3><p style="font-size: 18px; height: 15px; color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">《象》曰：“鳴謙”，志未得</h3> <h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">也?！翱捎眯袔煛?，征邑國也。</span></h3><h3><span style="color: rgb(31, 31, 31); font-family: XinGothic-SinaWeibo, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal;">唐李陽</span></h3> <h3>冰書</h3> <p class="ql-block">李陽冰（生卒年不詳），約生于唐玄宗開元年間。唐代書法家。字少溫，譙郡<span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">人。李白族叔，為李白作《草堂集序》。</span></p><p class="ql-block">初<span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">為縉云令、當涂令，后官至國子監(jiān)丞、集賢院學士。世稱少監(jiān)。兄弟五人皆富文詞、工篆書。初師李斯《嶧山碑》，以瘦勁取勝。他善詞章，工書法，尤精小篆。自詡“斯翁之后”。他所書寫的篆書，“勁利豪爽，風行而集，識者謂之蒼頡后身?！鄙踔帘缓笕朔Q為“李斯之后的千古一人”。</span></p><p class="ql-block">《謙卦碑》系李陽冰為當涂縣令期間所書并刻石，為其代表作。清代王澍《竹云題跋》稱它“運筆如蠶吐絲，骨刀如綿裹鐵”。</p><p class="ql-block">康有為《廣藝舟雙楫》稱：“以瘦勁取勝，若《謙卦銘》益形怯薄，破壞古法極矣?！?lt;/p><p class="ql-block">余在臨習過程中，也深深感受到這一點。其運筆鐵線之法可學，當細品琢磨，借鑒之處甚多。不過他在字形變化上的“創(chuàng)新”，隨性“破壞古法”之意當甄別，采用亦當慎重。</p>