<span style='text-align: justify; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 2px; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'>文徵明（1470—1559），原名壁（或作璧），四十二歲起，以字行，更字徵仲。因先世衡山人，故號衡山居士，世稱文衡山，漢族，長州（今江蘇蘇州）人，明代畫家、書法家、文學家。</span> <p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">《離騷》是戰(zhàn)國詩人屈原創(chuàng)作的文學作品。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“離騷”，東漢王逸釋為：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“離，別也；</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">騷，愁也。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”《離騷》以理想與現(xiàn)實的沖突為主線，以花草禽鳥的比興和瑰奇迷幻的“求女”神境作象征，借助于自傳性回憶中的情感激蕩，和復沓紛至、倏生倏滅的幻境交替展開全詩。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作品傾訴了對楚國命運和人民生活的關心，“哀民生之多艱”，嘆奸佞之當?shù)馈?lt;/span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">主張“舉賢而授能”，“循繩墨而不頗”。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">提出“皇天無私阿”，對天命論進行批判。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">作品中大量的比喻和豐富的想像，表現(xiàn)出積極浪漫主義精神，并開創(chuàng)了中國文學上的“騷”體詩歌形式，對后世有深遠影響。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">有東漢王逸《楚辭章句》、南宋朱熹《楚辭集注》、清代戴震《屈原賦注》等注本。</span></p><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"> <p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文征明小楷書《離騷》 </span></strong></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文征明《離騷經(jīng) 九歌等》冊，內(nèi)容為屈原《離騷經(jīng)》、《九歌》六首(東皇太一、云中君、湘君、湘夫人、司命、山鬼)《九章》一首(涉江)、及《卜居》、《漁父》。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">其書寫風格風格淵源主要因受到鐘繇《宣示表》、王羲之《黃庭》、以及元代倪瓚風格之影響，與北京故宮博物院藏84 歲所書《過秦論》筆法最為接近。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">而此冊獨到之處還在于，從章法上講，他不像平時那樣畫界格來書寫，而整體端雅整齊，行氣自然流貫;結體則橫向舒展，于平正之中求意態(tài)，在此正好印證了他自己的說法：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“小字貴開闊，字內(nèi)間架，宜明整開闊，一如大字體段。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”運筆則工穩(wěn)沉靜，從容不迫，于整練之中，虛和舒徐之氣浮現(xiàn)毫端，尤其橫畫起筆細若針尖麥芒，勢若游絲飄忽于晴空。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">通篇字形大小如一，確如蠅頭，乃屬其小楷作品現(xiàn)存?zhèn)魇雷钚≌?，足見其工夫之爐火純青，讓人想象其明窗凈幾之下神怡務閑之況。</span></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word;"></p><p style='margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-transform: none; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.54px; clear: both; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; word-spacing: 0px; white-space: normal; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;'><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">此小楷《離騷經(jīng)九歌等》冊, 第一開作者鈐有“停云”白文印、末開鈐“征明”朱文長方印、“衡山居士”白文印。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">篇后作者跋曰：</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“余自年來多病習懶，舊業(yè)荒廢。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">每見古人遺墨，便足相嘆賞，幾不可了。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">自念髦衰，于此道漸遠，或笑八十老翁旦暮人耳，何可以自束耶?雙梧以素卷書久矣，稽之篋笥，今歲檢出書此。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">然比來風濕交攻，臂指拘窘，不復向時便利矣。</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(122, 68, 66); font-size: 14px; -ms-word-wrap: break-word !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”類似的修辭方式，在故宮博物院藏《赤壁賦》頁后的跋語上我們也可以讀到，乃是文征明應酬友人時一種常見的自謙套語。</span></p> 原作 李華硬筆臨作 <div>鄒李華</div><div><br></div><div>江西省贛州市于都縣人</div><div><br></div><div>贛州市鐵路小學教師</div><div><br></div><div>江西省書法家協(xié)會會員</div><div><br></div><div>贛州市書法家協(xié)會會員</div>