v_learn-1801-196owen茶文化總結

厚沐家庭英語||AMY果果媽

一、歷史文化Historical culture 中國是茶的故鄉(xiāng)，中國人發(fā)現(xiàn)并利用茶 China is the home of tea. Chinese people discover and use tea. 據(jù)說始于神農時代，少說也有4700多年了。 It is said that it began in the Shennong era, at least for more than 4,700 years. 直到現(xiàn)在，中國各族人還有喝茶的習俗。 Until now, people of all ethnic groups in China still have the custom of drinking tea. 中國茶文化是中國制茶、飲茶的文化。 Chinese tea culture is the culture of making and drinking tea in China. 作為開門七件事（柴米油鹽醬醋茶）之一 As one of the seven things to open the door (firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea) ，飲茶在古代中國是非常普遍的。 Tea drinking was very common in ancient China. 中國的茶文化與歐美或日本的茶文化的分別很大。 Tea culture in China is very different from that in Europe, America or Japan. 中華茶文化源遠流長，博大精深，不但包含物質文化層面，還包含深厚的精神文明層次。 Chinese tea culture has a long history, extensive and profound, which includes not only the material cultural level, but also the profound level of spiritual civilization. 唐代陸羽背譽為茶圣。 Lu Yubei in Tang Dynasty was praised as a tea saint. 從此，茶的精神深入中國的詩詞、繪畫、書法、宗教、醫(yī)學。 Since then, the spirit of tea has penetrated into Chinese poetry, painting, calligraphy, religion and medicine. 幾千年來中國不但積累了大量關于茶葉種植、生產的物質文化、更積累了豐富的有關茶的精神文化，這就是中國特有的茶文化 For thousands of years, China has not only accumulated a lot of material culture about tea cultivation and production, but also accumulated a wealth of spiritual culture about tea, which is the tea culture with Chinese characteristics. 種茶、飲茶不等于有了茶文化，僅是茶文化形成的前提條件，還必須有文人的參與和文化的內涵。唐代陸羽所著《茶經》系統(tǒng)的總結了唐代以及唐以前茶葉生產，飲用的經驗，提出了精行儉德的茶道精神。陸羽和皎然等一批文化人非常重視茶的精神享受和道德規(guī)范，講究飲茶用具、飲茶用水和煮茶藝術，并與儒、道、佛哲學思想交融，而逐漸使人們進入他們的精神領域。在一些士大夫和文人雅士的飲茶過程中，還創(chuàng)作了很多茶詩，僅在《全唐詩》中，流傳至今的就有百余位詩人的四百余首，從而奠定中國茶文化的基礎。茶葉，為中國茶壇大放異彩。 二、制茶的過程The Process of Tea Making A\picking up tea leaves B\withering C\rolling D\fully fermented(fermented：Put the dough in a warm environment for a long time and it will ferment.) E\drying rid dling除草 sterilizing消毒[?ster?la?z?? pulverizing粉碎[?p?lv?ra?z??] filling填滿 packaging包裝 inspecting檢查All commodities must be inspected before they leave the factory. 三、Let's watch a documentary about Xinyang Maojian's production process. 信陽毛尖是一種著名的綠茶，在河南信陽生產，所以叫信陽毛尖 Xinyang Maojian is a famous green tea produced in Xinyang, Henan Province, so it is called Xinyang Maojian. 它是用嘴嫩的葉子和葉芽制作的 It is made of fresh leaves and buds. https://www.bilibili.com/video/av22362117/ Procedure 1, killing green Preliminary winnowing Screening level Rubbing Stir fried green pot Cooked pot handmade arrangement 四、關于茶壺的文化On the Culture of Teapots Materials are an important consideration when buying a teapot. Ceramic, porcelain, and earthenware are all common materials, but teapots can also be made from metal, glass, stone, and wood購買茶壺時，材料是一個重要的考慮因素。陶瓷、瓷器和陶器都是常用材料，但茶壺也可以由金屬、玻璃、石頭和木頭制成。 Teapots are vessels used to brew tea in before pouring it into cups for individual consumption. Teapots may be used to brew black teas, herbal teas, green teas, or any number of specialty teas. They come in an almost limitless array of shapes, sizes, and materials. Teapots should be distinguished from tea kettles, as the former is used exclusively for steeping tea and the latter is used for heating water..茶壺是一種容器，用于在將茶倒入杯子中供個人飲用之前沖泡茶。茶壺可以用來沖泡紅茶、花草茶、綠茶或任何數(shù)量的特種茶。它們有著幾乎無限的形狀、尺寸和材料。茶壺應與茶壺區(qū)別開來，前者專門用來泡茶，后者用來燒水。 Different teapot materials lend themselves to different types of teas. Oolong tea, a tea midway between green and black teas, is best brewed in an Yixing teapot, a special type of clay teapot produced in the Jiangsu province of China. Most black teas are best brewed in stoneware teapots rather than teapots made of metals or porcelain. Some of the incredibly dark Indian teas are best suited to metal teapots of iron or silver. Lighter teas such as herbal infusions and green teas work well with porcelain teapots Lighter teas such as herbal infusions and green teas work well with porcelain teapots. Some of the most beautiful and carefully crafted teapots in the world are a Japanese variety known as tetsubin. The shape of a brown betty allows for the tea leaves to swirl when water is poured into the teapot, creating a wonderful infusion. Glass teapots have gained popularity in the last fifty years because of their ability to be used for drastically different types of tea without retaining flavor. ?棕色貝蒂的形狀允許茶葉在水倒入茶壺時旋轉，創(chuàng)造出一種美妙的輸液效果。玻璃茶壺在過去的五十年里已經很受歡迎了，因為它們能夠在不保留香味的情況下用于各種不同類型的茶。 Earl Grey tea is the quintessential[?kw?nt??sen?l] 典型的;English tea, and it is indeed often served at tea and other social events in Britain. 不同的茶葉 These kinds of tea are mainly classified according to the degree of fermentation, in fact, the process is different. 游戲：做茶葉 Oxidation :is a process in which a chemical substance changes because of the addition of oxygen. 1\let's use some crepe pappers,Cut the paper into pieces . now,the crepe papper is ripped to bits. 2\then pick only leaves and a bud. 3\remove as much moisture as possible form the tea 4\put leaves info roller machines which twist,turn and break it.lets use the hole punch. pretend it can twist,turn and break it 5\oxidation: leaf is oxidise by exposing to air in large tray till it eventually(最后) turns Black 6\drying:leaf is exposed to hot air from air blowers 以下來自max媽媽，送上我的敬仰和感謝?。?！ 水的三種形態(tài)Three forms of water I will draw a table with three columns with hiding of solid,liquid and gas.A liquid changes shape. And flows at certain temperature. A solid does not true shape. Gas flows and does not has his own shape at any given temperature. Gases can take the shape of their containers. Sort items of either liquid solid or gas. 五、Tea Words and phrasesTea breaks are when tea and biscuits are served. The traditional time for tea breaks are at 11:00 am (Elevenses) and 4 pm in the afternoon.High tea also means the afternoon tea.Usually in more formal business meetings, there will be tea break.But the World Robot conference does not offer tea breaks 。 CoffeeCoffee is now as popular in Britain as tea is. People either drink it with milk or have it black and either a cup of bitter have freshly- made coffee or instant coffee.Coffee is full of caffeine, used to relieve fatigue,f??ti?ɡ] （refresh oneself） but can also cause insomnia[?n?sɑ?mni?] , so children are not suitable for coffee. 很少喝茶，百度了一下，中國六大茶的區(qū)別如下，主要包括工藝、滋味的不同：綠茶：又稱不發(fā)酵茶。以適宜茶樹新梢為原料，經殺青、揉捻、干燥等典型工藝過程制成的茶葉。其干茶色澤和沖泡后的茶湯、葉底以綠色為主調而得名。綠茶的特性，較多的保留了鮮葉內的天然物質。其中茶多酚、咖啡堿保留鮮葉的85%以上，葉綠素保留50%左右，維生素損失也較少，從而形成了綠茶“清湯綠葉，滋味收斂性強”的特點。最新科學研究結果表明，綠茶中保留的天然物質成分，對防衰老、防癌、抗癌、殺菌、消炎等均有特殊效果，為其他茶類所不及。紅茶：以適宜制作本品的茶樹新芽葉為原料，經萎凋、揉捻、發(fā)酵、干燥等典型工藝過程精制而成。紅茶的干茶色澤與沖泡的茶湯以紅色為主調。紅茶在加工過程中發(fā)生了化學反應，鮮葉中的化學成分變化較大，茶多酚減少90%以上，產生了茶黃素、茶黃素的新的成分。香氣物質從鮮葉中的50多種，增至300多種，一部分咖啡堿、兒茶素和茶黃素絡合成滋味鮮美的絡合物，從而形成了紅茶、紅湯、紅葉和香甜味醇的品質特征。青茶：也稱烏龍茶、半發(fā)酵茶，以適宜制作本品的茶樹新芽葉為原料，通過萎凋、搖青、半發(fā)酵、烘焙等工序精制而成。，終于制出了品質優(yōu)異的茶類新品——烏龍茶。安溪也就成了烏龍茶的著名茶鄉(xiāng)了。烏龍茶綜合了綠茶和紅茶的制法，品質介于二者之間，既有紅茶的濃鮮味，又有綠茶的清芬香，所以有“綠葉紅鑲邊”的美譽。飲后齒頰留香，回味甘鮮。烏龍茶的藥用作用，主要突出在分解脂肪、減肥健美等方面。在日本，烏龍茶被稱為“美容茶”、“健美茶”。黃茶：在炒青綠茶的過程中，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于殺青、揉捻后干燥不足或不及時，葉色即變黃，于是產生了新的品類之一（黃茶）。黃茶的制作與綠茶有相似之處，不同點是多一道悶堆工序。這個悶堆過程，是黃茶制法的主要特點，也是它同綠茶的基本區(qū)別。綠茶是不發(fā)酵的，而黃茶是屬于發(fā)酵茶類。白茶白茶，屬輕微發(fā)酵茶，是我國茶類中的特殊珍品。因其成品茶多為芽頭，滿披白毫，如銀似雪而得名。白茶的歷史悠久，其清雅芳名的出現(xiàn)，迄今已有八百八十余年了。它的主要品種有白牡丹、白毫銀針。白茶的制作工藝，一般分為萎凋、干燥兩道工序，而其關鍵是在于萎凋。萎凋分為室內萎凋和室外萎凋兩種。要根據(jù)氣候靈活掌握，以春秋晴天或夏季不悶熱的晴朗天氣，采取室內萎凋或復式萎凋為佳。其精制工藝是在剔除梗、片、蠟葉、紅張、暗張之后，以文火進行烘焙至足干，只宜以火香襯托茶香，待水分含量為4～5%時，趁熱裝箱。白茶制法的特點是既不破壞酶的活性，又不促進氧化作用，且保持毫香顯現(xiàn)，湯味鮮爽。 黑茶黑茶，在鮮葉選料、工藝流程和對其色澤、品質的要求上，都具有其獨特的標準與風味，形成了同其它茶類不同，獨占一個“黑”字的茶類。綠色的鮮茶葉，是經過何種制作工序變成黑茶的呢？最早的黑茶是由四川生產的，由綠毛茶經蒸壓而成的邊銷茶。四川的茶葉要運輸?shù)轿鞅钡貐^(qū)，由于交通不便，運輸困難，必須減少體積，蒸壓成團塊。在加工成團塊的工程中，要經過二十多天的濕性堆積，所以毛茶的色澤由綠逐漸變黑。成品團塊茶葉的色澤為黑褐色，并形成了茶品的獨特風味，這既是黑茶之由來。黑茶的采摘標準多為一芽五至六葉，葉粗梗長。其制作基本工藝流程是高溫殺青、揉捻、堆積做色、干燥。由于黑茶一般原料較粗老，加之制造過程中往往堆積發(fā)酵時間較長，因而夜色黝黑或黑褐，故稱黑茶。黑茶因產區(qū)和工藝上的差別，由湖南黑茶、湖北老青茶、四川邊茶和滇桂黑茶之分。而其中云南黑茶是用滇青毛茶經潮水漚堆發(fā)酵后干燥而成，統(tǒng)稱其為普洱茶。普洱散茶是黑茶類中，獨具濃醇陳香的品種。 打卡 周末撿椰葉子，做了一堆葉子畫 下午及晚上計劃完成的都做到了，拆了倆盲盒，超級高興的寶和媽，??

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v_learn-1801-196owen茶文化總結

厚沐家庭英語||AMY果果媽