<p class="ql-block"> 四百年前的老版書</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"> “躲在門旁的鞍子房兒”,四百多年前古書里的一句話,把我拉回到小時候。鞍的ei,老家對搭建的臨時性建筑的統(tǒng)稱,尤其特指在莊稼地里供人們遮風避雨、休息的尖頂棚子。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 字典里“鞍”字下沒有相關建筑物的解釋條文,百度一下也沒有相關的信息和圖片。跟鞍子ei無論結構、形狀還是用料、用途都非常接近的建筑物(不確切,感覺都算不上建筑)書面語叫“窩棚”。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"> 滿蒙馬架子“窩棚</p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 搜索“馬鞍形建筑”,百度圖片顯示更多的是江南一帶的“馬頭(山)墻”,只有一張圖片是棚子,下邊注釋“</span><a href="https://image.baidu.com/search/detail?ct=503316480&z=undefined&tn=baiduimagedetail&ipn=d&word=%E7%AE%80%E6%98%93%E7%AA%9D%E6%A3%9A&step_word=&ie=utf-8&in=&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&hd=undefined&latest=undefined©right=undefined&cs=3784586027,3879419536&os=521023271,2821362799&simid=4104222518,821774114&pn=7&rn=1&di=7077213605308923905&ln=1239&fr=&fmq=1651395461022_R&fm=rs3&ic=undefined&s=undefined&se=&sme=&tab=0&width=undefined&height=undefined&face=undefined&is=0,0&istype=0&ist=&jit=&bdtype=0&spn=0&pi=0&gsm=0&oriquery=臨時窩棚&objurl=https%3A%2F%2Fgimg2.baidu.com%2Fimage_search%2Fsrc%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fs11.sinaimg.cn%252Fbmiddle%252F001ZF6JVzy6OyO2vXHcca%2526690%26refer%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fs11.sinaimg.cn%26app%3D2002%26size%3Df9999%2C10000%26q%3Da80%26n%3D0%26g%3D0n%26fmt%3Dauto%3Fsec%3D1653987474%26t%3D8241a99abc203da13c7fd756790fbc30&rpstart=0&rpnum=0&adpicid=0&nojc=undefined&dyTabStr=MCwzLDEsNiw0LDUsMiw3LDgsOQ%3D%3D" target="_blank" style="color:windowtext;">滿族傳統(tǒng)民居 "馬架子","窩棚</a><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);">”,這估計是老家管窩棚叫鞍的ei最接近的歷史淵源。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 曲周地處河北南部,印象中還算不得北方,可是近千年的民族融合(外族入侵)曲周都是前沿。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 曲周下轄的安寨鎮(zhèn),在我們老家叫“安兒寨鎮(zhèn)”,據(jù)說懷有身孕的北宋將領穆桂英在附近與遼國交戰(zhàn)過程中,突然肚子疼,趕緊找了個背人的地方生下了孩子,包好藏了起來,戰(zhàn)爭結束后去找孩子,安然無恙,于是后人們把附近的兵營村莊稱作“安兒寨”。據(jù)東南鄉(xiāng)①的同學說,當?shù)噩F(xiàn)在還有一塊莊稼地叫“血洼地”,說那塊兒地就是當年穆桂英的戰(zhàn)時“產房”。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"> 鞍的ei的豪華版——蒙古包</p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"> “安兒寨”的真實性不可考,咱們說說也就罷了。歷史上的“澶淵之盟”大伙兒應該都不陌生。可是你能想到澶州在離曲周往南一百多公里的河南濮陽。陸游在《示兒》中寫道“遺民淚盡胡塵里,南望王師又一年?!钡啦槐M敵占區(qū)老百姓被奴役生活的苦楚。據(jù)此可以判斷北宋后期曲周可能就頻繁地接觸北方游牧部落,至于南宋就更別說了。遼金元清,曲周一帶一直被南下的少數(shù)民族政權管轄,生活中受滿蒙影響也就不足為奇了。</span></p> <p class="ql-block"> 看果園的鞍的ei</p> <font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">,在老家每到瓜果成熟的季節(jié),主人在地頭搭建個鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">,方便休息、看守,防止歪毛淘氣的孩子糟蹋瓜果。</span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font> <p class="ql-block"> 搭建 鞍的ei示意簡圖</p> <font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">最簡單的鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">三根木棍就能搞定,不過最常見的都是用五根搭建,兩根兩根交叉,一根搭在上面,,基本形狀就有了。至于外面蓋啥那就因地制宜、就地取材了。</span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font> <p class="ql-block"> 肩膀上挎著的就是籮頭</p> <font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">在我的記憶里有兩個鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">印象特別深,一個是唐山地震那年在老家院子里靠著南邊那棵酸棗樹搭建的鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">,當然唐山大地震這個概念后來才知道,當時只是覺得稀罕,晚上不在屋里睡覺,別的都沒有啥印象了。</span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font> <p class="ql-block"> 田間搭建的鞍的ei</p> <font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">另一個是姑父給生產隊看瓜的鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">。小時候我們家孩子多勞力少,生活條件緊張,我和小姐姐在姨姨、姑姑家常住,現(xiàn)在姑姑姨姨村里的同齡伙伴好多還記得名字。姑父為人正直、大公無私,生產隊于是安排姑父負責給隊里看守果園、瓜田。</span></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">記得有一次章哥哥(姑姑家的二表哥)帶著我去地里割草,給我也背了個籮頭(斜挎簍),當時我也就六七歲,當然籮頭也是迷你版的,估計也就能放個籃球的空間。我倆去姑父看瓜的鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">,趁姑父去地里干活的間隙,章哥哥迅速把地上放的兩個甜瓜放我籮頭底下,多出的草抓出一把放到他的大籮頭里,按按壓實。一會兒姑父回來了,我們準備背上籮頭回家,姑父還真的去哥哥的籮頭里把手插進去檢查是否夾帶私貨。我那個籮頭太小了,再就是知道我肯定不敢。好險?。?lt;/span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font> 看護椿樹芽 <font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">隨著現(xiàn)代人民生活水平提高,搭建鞍的</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">ei</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體;">的材料變化很大,因為取材、實施方便,還不斷出現(xiàn)在我們視野里。</span></font></font></p><font color="#000000" face="宋體" size="3">
</font> <span style="font-family: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋體; mso-no-proof: yes;">注釋①東南鄉(xiāng)——曲周縣對縣東南的侯村、依莊、馬連固等幾個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的統(tǒng)稱。</span>