<p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">《生于憂患，死于安樂》選自《孟子·告子下》，是一篇論證嚴(yán)密、雄辯有力的說理散文。作者先列舉六位經(jīng)過貧困、挫折的磨煉而終于擔(dān)當(dāng)大任的人的事例，證明憂患可以激勵(lì)人奮發(fā)有為，磨難可以促使人有新成就。接著，作者從一個(gè)人的發(fā)展和一個(gè)國(guó)家的興亡兩個(gè)不同的角度進(jìn)一步論證憂患則生、安樂則亡的道理。最后水到渠成，得出“生于憂患，而死于安樂”的結(jié)論。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">文中幾個(gè)人物故事解析：</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">舜未發(fā)跡前，在歷山耕田有道，當(dāng)?shù)厝硕荚敢饪拷幼?，不?zhēng)田界，互相謙讓，因此被四岳一致舉薦給當(dāng)時(shí)年事已高的部落聯(lián)盟領(lǐng)袖堯做繼承人。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">傅說本為囚犯，在傅巖勞改筑城期間，因與商王武丁的“求賢夢(mèng)”中的圣人形象相像而被舉薦為相。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">膠鬲是泰州祭祀“鹽宗”的廟里供奉的三位鹽宗之一，曾被周文王舉薦給商紂王，同時(shí)深受文王、紂王（以至武王）的器重，最終協(xié)助周文王作內(nèi)應(yīng)完成伐紂大業(yè)。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">管夷吾即管仲，曾親率三十乘兵車到莒國(guó)通往齊國(guó)的路上去截?fù)糈s路繼位的齊桓公，后被好友鮑叔牙成功舉薦給賢達(dá)大度的齊桓公為相。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">孫叔敖河南省淮濱人，曾傾盡家資，主持淮河治水，修筑了很多利民至今的水利工程，據(jù)說是從海濱隱居之地被舉用進(jìn)朝廷的。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">百里奚曾被晉獻(xiàn)公用做陪嫁的奴隸，一度逃離秦國(guó)，但最終還是被秦穆公用五張黑羊皮從市井之上換回。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">生于憂患，死于安樂</b><span style="font-size:20px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:20px;">【先秦】孟子</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">舜發(fā)于畎畝之中，傅說舉于版筑之間，膠鬲舉于魚鹽之中，管夷吾舉于士，孫叔敖舉于海，百里奚舉于市。故天將降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，勞其筋骨，餓其體膚，空乏其身，行拂亂其所為，所以動(dòng)心忍性，曾益其所不能。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">人恒過，然后能改；困于心，衡于慮，而后作；征于色，發(fā)于聲，而后喻。入則無法家拂士，出則無敵國(guó)外患者，國(guó)恒亡。然后知生于憂患而死于安樂也。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">Adversity Leads to Prosperity</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">Shun was employed from farming fields, Fu Yue was recommended out of a mason of the walling site. Jiao Ge was appointed while he was a merchant of fish and salt business. Guan Yiwu was rescued by a prison official and later got promoted. Sun Shuao was selected from his reclusive place. Bai Lixi was redeemed from the slave market.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">When the God is to grant a man with greater responsibility, he'd first blight his spirit and will , to toil his flesh and bones, to starve and impoverish, to confound his actions, so that he will be persistent and dauntless, thus to enhance and excel his capabilities.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">One who often makes mistakes, may be corrected and elevated later; When one's mind is perplexed, thought is blocked, he would figure his way out. Only if anger of others is shown on face, the resentment is expressed in words, and then can be known. If a country is lack of ministers who hold fast to the laws, and wise advisers next to the king at home, and a country has no comparable countervailing powers abroad and foreign aggressive evils, she would be heading toward the perdition of the state. </span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">Ultimately it will be learned that one prospers in worries and hardships and perishes in ease and comfort.</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:20px;">?</span></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">白話譯文：</p><p class="ql-block">舜從田野耕作之中被任用，傅說從筑墻的勞作之中被任用，膠鬲從販魚賣鹽中被任用，管夷吾被從獄官手里救出來并受到任用，孫叔敖從海濱隱居的地方被任用，百里奚被從奴隸市場(chǎng)里贖買回來并被任用。</p><p class="ql-block">所以上天要把重任降臨在這個(gè)人，一定先要使他心意苦惱，使他筋骨勞累，使他忍饑挨餓，使他受盡貧困之苦，使他所做的事情顛倒錯(cuò)亂，用來使他的內(nèi)心受到震撼，使他性情堅(jiān)韌起來，增加他所不具備的能力。</p><p class="ql-block">一個(gè)人，常常發(fā)生錯(cuò)誤，這樣以后才能改正；在內(nèi)心里困惑，思慮阻塞．然后才能知道有所作為；別人憤怒表現(xiàn)在臉色上，怨恨吐發(fā)在言語中，然后才能被人所知曉。（如果）一個(gè)國(guó)家，在國(guó)內(nèi)沒有堅(jiān)守法度的大臣和足以輔佐君王的賢士，在國(guó)外沒有實(shí)力相當(dāng)、足以抗衡的國(guó)家和來自國(guó)外的禍患，這樣的國(guó)家就常常會(huì)走向滅亡。</p><p class="ql-block">這樣以后才知道憂慮禍患能使人（或國(guó)家）生存發(fā)展，而安逸享樂會(huì)使人（或國(guó)家）走向滅亡的道理了。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>