法蘭西漫游～～巴黎-蒲羅旺斯-尼斯之旅. {蒲羅旺斯篇}

Art Historian

小城故事 普羅旺斯（Provence)法國東南部的一個地區(qū)，古代時是古羅馬的一個行省，毗鄰地中海，和意大利接壤。從阿爾卑斯山經(jīng)里昂南流的羅訥河，在普羅旺斯附近分為兩大支流，然后注入地中海。歷史上的普羅旺斯地域范圍變化很大，古羅馬時期普羅旺斯行省北至阿爾卑斯山，南抵比利牛斯山脈，包括整個法國南部。18世紀(jì)末法國大革命時，普羅旺斯成為5個行政省份之一。到了1960年代，法國被重新劃分為22個大區(qū)，普羅旺斯屬于普羅旺斯-阿爾卑斯-藍色海岸大區(qū)。普羅旺斯境內(nèi)有艾克斯、馬賽等名城，并出產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)葡萄酒。此地區(qū)物產(chǎn)豐饒、陽光明媚、風(fēng)景優(yōu)美，從古希臘、古羅馬時代起就吸引著無數(shù)游人，至今依然是旅游勝地。普羅旺斯的薰衣草花田更是難得的美景。 我們上午離開了巴黎火車站??(Gare de Lyon) , 下午全法大罷工的游行隊伍就占據(jù)了此地。我們此行的南法之旅的第一站是阿維尼翕小鎮(zhèn)。原計劃抽出半天時間從這里去阿爾勒小鎮(zhèn)(Arles）參觀梵高筆下的小教堂以及他曾經(jīng)住過的精神病醫(yī)院。這些天火車經(jīng)常脫點或取消,你根本就不知道什么工作，什么不工作，就留點遺憾吧！我們碰到從美國來旅行一對母女，據(jù)她們講她們的火車因罷工取消了，她們只能臨時定出租，多花了一千歐元。她們已經(jīng)在網(wǎng)上定了聯(lián)票。阿爾勒是法國藝術(shù)與歷史之城，是羅訥河入海前的最后一處內(nèi)港，也是連接普羅旺斯和朗格多克之間的重要通道，其城市建于古羅馬時期，市區(qū)內(nèi)有阿爾勒競技場、古代劇場等多處古羅馬建筑，已于1981年被列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)》。The Roman and Romanesque Monuments of Arles were listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1981 for their testimony to the history of the region.Many artists have lived and worked in this area because of the southern light, including Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, Jacques Réattu, and Peter Brown. The Dutch post-Impressionist painter Vincent van Gogh lived in Arles from 1888 to 1889, and produced over 300 paintings and drawings during his time there. These are in internationally known museums and private collections around the world. An international photography festival has been held annually in the city since 1970. World heritage site of UNESCO ～～Avignon Located on the banks on the Rh?ne River in the Provence-Alpes-C?te-d’Azur region, Avignon is a Proven?al city known for its medieval walls, 14th-century Pope's Palace & 12th-century bridge.Historic Centre of Avignon: Papal Palace, Episcopal Ensemble and Avignon BridgeIn the 14th century, this city in the South of France was the seat of the papacy. The Palais des Papes, an austere-looking fortress lavishly decorated by Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti, dominates the city, the surrounding ramparts and the remains of a 12th-century bridge over the Rhone. Beneath this outstanding example of Gothic architecture, the Petit Palais and the Romanesque Cathedral of Notre-Dame-des-Doms complete an exceptional group of monuments that testify to the leading role played by Avignon in 14th-century Christian Europe.阿維尼翁歷史中心：教皇宮、主教圣堂和阿維尼翁橋, 這些遺跡彰顯著這座悠久古城輝煌的歷史！這座位于法國南部的城市是14世紀(jì)羅馬教皇的居所。教皇宮其實就是一個裝飾豪華卻外表樸素的城堡，由西蒙·馬蒂尼和馬泰奧·焦瓦內(nèi)蒂(Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti)裝修而成，占據(jù)了這座城市絕大部分面積，周圍是堅固的城墻和12世紀(jì)隆河橋的遺址。在卓越的哥特式建筑之下，小宮殿和圣母院的羅馬式主教堂古跡實屬罕見，證明了阿維尼翁在14世紀(jì)基督化歐洲所發(fā)揮的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。 The Palais des Papes (English: Palace of the Popes; lo Palais dei Papas in Occitan) is a historical palace located in Avignon, Southern France. It is one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe. Once a fortress and palace, the papal residence was a seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century. Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais, leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334, Clement VI in 1342, Innocent VI in 1352, Urban V in 1362, Gregory XI in 1370 and Benedict XIII in 1394. Since 1995, the Palais des Papes has been classified, along with the historic center of Avignon, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, for its outstanding architecture and historical importance for the Papacy. Avignon Cathedral is a Roman Catholic church located next to the Palais des Papes in Avignon, France. The cathedral is the seat of the Archbishop of Avignon. The cathedral is a Romanesque building, constructed primarily in the second half of the 12th century. The bell tower collapsed in 1405 and was rebuilt in 1425. In 1670–1672 the apse was rebuilt and extended. This led to the destruction of the medieval cloister. The building was abandoned and allowed to deteriorate during the Revolution, but it was reconsecrated in 1822 and restored by the archbishop Célestin Dupont in 1835–1842. The most prominent feature of the cathedral is a gilded statue of the Virgin Mary atop the bell tower which was erected in 1859. The interior contains many works of art. The most famous of these is the mausoleum of Pope John XXII, a 14th-century Gothic edifice. It was moved in 1759, damaged during the Revolution, and restored to its original position in 1840. The cathedral was listed as a Monument historique in 1840. The Musée du Petit Palais is a museum and art gallery in Avignon, southern France. It opened in 1976 and has an exceptional collection of Renaissance paintings of the Avignon school as well as from Italy, which reunites many "primitives" from the collection of Giampietro Campana. It is housed in a 14th-century building at the north side of the square overlooked by the Palais des Papes. The building, built in the early 14th century as the residence of the bishops of Avignon, was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the historic center of Avignon in 1995. Basílica de San Pedro de Avi?ónGothic 1300s church with ornate doors The walls of Avignon are a series of defensive stone walls that surround the city of Avignon in the south of France. They were originally built in the 14th century during the Avignon papacy and have been continually rebuilt and repaired throughout their subsequent history. The walls replaced an earlier double set of defensive walls that had been completed in the first two decades of the 13th century. During the Albigensian Crusade the town sided with the Count of Toulouse, Raymond VII but in 1226, after a three-month siege by Louis VIII of France, Avignon capitulated and was forced to dismantle the walls and fill in the moats. Beginning in around 1231, the defences were rebuilt. Although these early walls have not survived, their path is preserved in the street plan of the city. In 1309 Pope Clement V moved to Avignon and under the papacy the town expanded outside the limits of the earlier city walls. From the 1350s during the Hundred Years' War the town became vulnerable to pillage by marauding bands of mercenaries and in 1357 under Innocent VI, the fifth Avignon pope, work began on the construction of new set of city walls to enclose the expanded town. The Church of St. Trophime is a Roman Catholic church and former cathedral located in the city of Arles, in the Bouches-du-Rh?ne Department of southern France. It was built between the 12th century and the 15th century, and is in the Romanesque architectural tradition. The sculptures over the church's portal, particularly the Last Judgement, and the columns in the adjacent cloister, are considered some of the finest examples of Romanesque sculpture. The church was built upon the site of the 5th-century basilica of Arles, named for St. Stephen. In the 15th century a Gothic choir was added to the Romanesque nave. Along with other medieval and Roman buildings in Arles, in 1981 the church was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments group. Montmajour Abbey, formally the Abbey of St. Peter in Montmajour, was a fortified Benedictine monastery built between the 10th and 18th centuries on what was originally an island five kilometers north of Arles, in what is now the Bouches-du-Rh?ne Department, in the region of Provence in the south of France. The abbey complex consists of six sections: the hermitage, dating from the 11th century, which includes the Chapel of St. Peter; the cloister, built during the 12th and 13th centuries; the adjacent Chapel of the Holy Cross, built during the 12th century; the fortified Monastery of St. Peter, built during the 14th century; the Tower of Abbot Pons de l'Orme, dating from the same period; the Maurist monastery, built in the 17th century. The abbey is noted for its 11th–14th-century graves, carved in the rock, its subterranean crypt, and its massive unfinished church. It was an important pilgrimage site during the Middle Ages, and in the 18th century it was the site of a large Maurist monastery, now in ruin. The abbey and the landscape around it were frequently painted and drawn by Vincent van Gogh.  圣貝內(nèi)澤橋（法語：Pont Saint-Bénezet），又名阿維尼翁橋（Pont d'Avignon），是一座著名的中世紀(jì)橋梁，位于法國南部城市阿維尼翁。The Pont Saint-Bénézet, also known as the Pont d'Avignon, was a medieval bridge across the Rh?ne in the town of Avignon, in southern France. Only four arches survive. A wooden bridge spanning the Rh?ne between Villeneuve-lès-Avignon and Avignon was built between 1177 and 1185. This early bridge was destroyed forty years later in 1226 during the Albigensian Crusade when Louis VIII of France laid siege to Avignon. Beginning in 1234 the bridge was rebuilt with 22 stone arches. The stone bridge was about 900 m in length and only 4.9 m in width, including the parapets at the sides. The bridge was abandoned in the mid-17th century as the arches tended to collapse each time the Rh?ne （萊茵河）flooded making it very expensive to maintain. Four arches and the gatehouse at the Avignon end of the bridge have survived. The Chapel of Saint Nicholas which sits on the second pier of the bridge, was constructed in the second half of 12th century but has since been substantially altered. The western terminus, the Tour Philippe-le-Bel, is also preserved. The bridge was the inspiration for the song Sur le pont d'Avignon and is considered a landmark of the city. 阿維尼翕陏拍，隨處可見的古老建筑遺跡講述著這座歷史悠久名城的故事。 03/27/2023 在蒲羅旺斯阿維尼翁一家名為 Le Gout Du Jour的法國小餐廳吃晚餐。我選了他們的特色套餐。法餐的特點是精致、普遍偏甜. 流經(jīng)阿維尼翁的羅訥河 Musée Lapidaire A small museum in 17 century church exhibiting Greek, Roman, and Etruscan sculptures, vases and glass.The Lapidary Museum is a lapidarium-museum in Avignon, France. It has housed the classical Greek, Etruscan, Roman and Gallo-Roman sculptures and objects of the Calvet Museum since the 1980s. They are both run by the Fondation Calvet. As well as exhibiting the museum's core collections, it also mounts summer temporary exhibitions (e.g. "La diffusion des cultes égyptiens et alexandrins dans le monde romain à L'égypte copte et l'égypte musulmane" and "Le laraire d'Esprit Calvet"), conferences and networking events, particularly for scholars. 03/28/2023 晚餐 Enough is enough, I feel I had enough French history and culture, so I need some fresh air and nature. So we booked this day trip to a few small towns of south French from Avignon.https://www.viator.com/tours/France/Luberon-Roussillon-and-Gordes-Day-Tour-from-AvignonLuberon, Roussillon & Gordes from Avignon Wednesday, March 29, 2023 at 09:00 AMDiscover the colorful landscapes of Provence on this day tour of the Luberon Valley from Avignon. Admire the ochre cliffs of Roussillon and the blooming lavender fields; visit the picturesque hilltop village of Gordes; and see historic landmarks such as the Abbey of Senanque. Luberon, Roussillon, and Gordes tour from Avignon Admire the ochre cliffs, lavender fields, and hilltop villages of Provence Explore the Provencal villages and markets of Gordes and Roussillon Enjoy views of the Luberon Valley and the Abbey of Senanque.Read more about Luberon, Roussillon & Gordes What To Expect 1 Abbaye Notre-Dame de Senanque Situated, since the 12th century, deep in its Proven?al valley, the Abbey of Sénanque is one of the most pure examples of the primitive Cistercian architecture. 10 minutes 2 Vieille Ville de Gordes Its history, its heritage and architectural richness, its breath-taking panoramas, protected landscapes and nature are as many invitations to discover this little Proven?al jewel. 30 minutes 3 Roussillon Wandering the narrow streets, stairs and squares in Roussillon opens your eyes to the beautiful natural pigments used throughout the village, and the millennium-old knowledge of how to use this generous natural gift. In Roussillon, man has long worked in harmony with nature. 1 hour 4 Fontaine de Vaucluse A cool and quiet wellspring in winter and summer, and a surging and impetuous torrent in in spring and autumn, the Fontaine is a real wonder of nature which never ceases to amaze. The Luberon is the heart of ProvenceClose your eyes and dream of Provence and the chances are you are seeing the Luberon: spectacular landscapes of vineyards and lavender, fascinating ‘perched’ hill-top villages, daily markets and outstanding natural produce, all bathed in the pure light of van Gogh and Cezanne. This place is famous for cherry, lavender seeds and wines. 我們?nèi)碌讈泶?薰衣草才剛發(fā)芽，想看漫山遍野的薰衣草花開，必須在每年的六月中旬至七月中旬來。那種感覺我們現(xiàn)在也只能意會一下了。 Fontaine de VaucluseA cool and quiet wellspring in winter and summer, and a surging and impetuous torrent in in spring and autumn, the Fontaine is a real wonder of nature which never ceases to amaze.這座小鎮(zhèn)是法國南部二戰(zhàn)期間抵抗運動的一個十分重要的中心地帶。為此特意修建了一個紀(jì)念館。 Abbaye Notre-Dame de SenanqueSituated, since the 12th century, deep in its Proven?al valley, the Abbey of Sénanque is one of the most pure examples of the primitive Cistercian architecture. Vieille Ville de Gordes Its history, its heritage and architectural richness, its breath-taking panoramas, protected landscapes and nature are as many invitations to discover this little Proven?al jewel.為了保持這座小城別具情調(diào)的建筑風(fēng)格，所有的外墻必須用灰白色的石灰石，必須符合政府的統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 Roussillon Wandering the narrow streets, stairs and squares in Roussillon opens your eyes to the beautiful natural pigments used throughout the village, and the millennium-old knowledge of how to use this generous natural gift. In Roussillon, man has long worked in harmony with nature. The colorful ochre cliffs are very unique.

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法蘭西漫游～～巴黎-蒲羅旺斯-尼斯之旅. {蒲羅旺斯篇}

Art Historian