<p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>著名文化學(xué)者余秋雨曾說過：“我走過世界上許多城市，但秋季中山陵景區(qū)一帶傍晚的景色是世界上可數(shù)的最美景色之一，它給人一種清凈的溫馨感。”</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>時值南京深秋，鐘山風(fēng)景區(qū)樹葉已褪去綠意，轉(zhuǎn)而變幻成五彩斑斕的色調(diào)，橙紅的櫸樹、楓香，橙黃的烏桕，燦黃的馬褂木、銀杏、無患子等，鐘山醉美秋景模式已悄然打開。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:15px;">?The renowned cultural scholar Yu Qiuyu once said: "I have traveled to many cities around the world, but the evening scenery around the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum area in autumn is one of the most beautiful in the world, offering a sense of serene warmth."</b></p><h5><b style="font-size:15px;">It is late autumn in Nanjing, and the leaves of Zhongshan Mountain Scenic Area have shed their green hues, transforming into a vibrant palette of colors—russet zelkova and sweetgum, orange-yellow Chinese tallow, and brilliant yellow tulip tree, ginkgo, and soapberry—ushering in the peak season of Zhongshan's mesmerizing autumn scenery.</b></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">山巒彩云縈繞，層林盡染，</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">青楓紅影，斑斕梧桐，</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">光影穿透銀杏渲染的彩色油畫……</b></h5><h5><b>Hills are surrounded by colorful clouds, and the layers of forests are all dyed,</b></h5><h5><b>Green maple red shadows, variegated parasol trees,</b></h5><h5><b>Light and shadow penetrate the color-painted oil painting dyed by ginkgo...</b></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:20px;">中山陵園大道</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">中山陵園大道兩側(cè)的百年法國梧桐樹葉漸黃，秋日中透出濃濃的浪漫氣息。</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">Zhongshan Mausoleum Avenue</b></h5><h5><b>The century-old French plane trees on both sides of Zhongshan Mausoleum Avenue are gradually turning yellow, exuding a strong romantic atmosphere in the autumn.</b></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">風(fēng)華絕代的梧桐樹，</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">是一季一景的定格，</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">也是南京人心中的秋日記憶。</b></h5><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:15px;">The phoenix-like plane tree，</b></p><h5><b style="font-size:15px;">a fixed frame of one scene per season，</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:15px;">It is also a memory of autumn in the hearts of Nanjing people.</b></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:20px;">燕雀湖秋色</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">中山陵梅花山下的梅花谷一側(cè)，有一片湖水，叫燕雀湖。這里</b><b style="font-size:18px; color:inherit;">生長出大量的紅杉樹，主要有落羽杉、池杉、水杉等色葉樹種，深秋季節(jié)大量的杉樹已呈紅色，野鴨、鴛鴦在此嬉戲，宛若人間仙境，吸引著眾多游客駐足拍攝，成為中山陵的網(wǎng)紅打卡地。</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">Yanque Lake Autumn Scenery</b></h5><h5><b>On one side of Meihua Valley at the foot of Meihua Mountain in the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, there is a lake called Yanque Lake. Here, a large number of redwood trees have grown, mainly including deciduous conifers such as bald cypress, pond cypress, and metasequoia. In late autumn, many of these trees turn red, while wild ducks and mandarin ducks play in the water, creating a scene like a fairyland on earth. This attracts numerous tourists to stop and take photos, making it a popular social media spot at the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum.</b></h5> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>一排排色彩斑斕的落羽杉、池杉、水杉，倚水而立，靜謐而美好，這就是著名的梅花谷落羽杉濕地。</b></p><h5><b style="font-size:15px;">Rows of colorful dawn redwoods, pond cypresses, and Chinese water pines stand by the water, quiet and beautiful. This is the famous Plum Valley Dawn Redwood Wetland.</b></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">燕雀湖水杉林錯落有致、依次排列，在陽光的照射下，星光熠熠、五彩斑斕，十分的美麗。而湖中波光粼粼的水杉搖曳生姿，好似秋日里一幅幅濃墨重彩的油畫。</b></h5><h5><b>The metasequoia forest by Yanque Lake is arranged in a well-proportioned and orderly manner, shimmering brilliantly and displaying a dazzling array of colors under the sunlight, making it exceptionally beautiful. The sparkling water in the lake sets the metasequoias swaying gracefully, resembling a series of richly colored oil paintings in autumn.</b></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:20px;">明孝陵石象路</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">深秋季節(jié)，明孝陵600米的石象路，已成了南京最美的秋色。踏入石象路，仿佛走進(jìn)了一幅色彩斑斕的油畫中，道路兩旁，高大的樹木猶如忠誠的衛(wèi)士，靜靜地守護(hù)著這片古老的土地。</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">Stone Elephant Road of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</b></h5><h5><b>In late autumn, the 600-meter-long Sacred Way of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum has become Nanjing's most beautiful autumn scene. Stepping onto the Sacred Way is like entering a vibrant oil painting, where towering trees on both sides stand like loyal guardians, quietly watching over this ancient land.</b></h5> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>銀杏葉宛如金色的蝴蝶，在空中翩翩起舞，而后緩緩飄落，給大地鋪上了一層柔軟的金色地毯。</b></p><h5><b>Ginkgo leaves are like golden butterflies, dancing gracefully in the air and then slowly falling, covering the earth with a soft golden carpet.</b></h5> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>秋日里紅色的烏桕樹和金黃的銀杏相間，色彩交織，宛如一幅流動的油畫。</b></p><h5><b>In autumn, the red Chinese photinia trees and golden ginkgo trees alternate, their colors interweaving like a flowing oil painting.</b></h5> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>這里的紅楓如火焰一般，緊緊圍繞在道路兩側(cè)，為秋日里的石象路增添了一抹艷麗的色彩。</b></p><h5><b>The red maples here are like flames, closely surrounding both sides of the road, adding a touch of brilliant color to Shixiang Road in autumn.</b></h5> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>沿著石板路前行，古老的石象在歲月的長河中默默佇立。它們或獅、或象、或駱駝，每一尊都雕刻得栩栩如生，仿佛在訴說著往昔的故事。</b></p><h5><b>Walking along the stone path, ancient stone elephants stand silently through the long river of time. Some are lions, some elephants, some camels, each exquisitely carved, as if telling stories of the past.</b></h5> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>陽光透過枝葉的縫隙灑下，在石象上留下斑駁的光影，更添了幾分神秘與莊重。秋風(fēng)中漫步于石象路，時光仿佛放慢了腳步，每一步都能欣賞到南京最美的秋色，品味歷史文化的積淀。</b></p><h5><b>Sunlight filters through the gaps in the branches, casting mottled shadows on the stone elephants, adding an air of mystery and solemnity. Strolling along the Stone Elephant Road in the autumn breeze, time seems to slow down, allowing every step to savor Nanjing's most beautiful autumn scenery and the richness of its historical and cultural heritage.</b></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:20px;">明孝陵大金門</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">明孝陵是明代開國皇帝朱元璋和馬皇后的合葬墓，陵寢制承前啟后，獨(dú)創(chuàng)新規(guī)，在中國帝陵史上具有里程碑地位，規(guī)范著明清兩代500多年20多座帝陵建設(shè)的總體格局和風(fēng)貌，地位崇高，影響深遠(yuǎn)。</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">在明清皇家陵寢中，“紅門”是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)稱呼，因明孝陵正門地位重要，被稱之為“大金門”，以“金”字凸顯其尊貴性。?</b></h5><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:18px;">Golden Gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum</b></p><h5><b>The Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the joint burial site of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and Empress Ma. Its design both inherited and innovated upon previous traditions, setting a milestone in the history of Chinese imperial mausoleums. It established the overall layout and style for over 20 imperial mausoleums built during the Ming and Qing dynasties over more than 500 years, holding an exalted status and exerting profound influence.</b></h5><h5><b>In the imperial mausoleums of the Ming and Qing dynasties, "Hongmen" (Red Gate) was the standard term. However, due to the significant status of the main gate of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, it was called "Dajinmen" (Great Golden Gate), with the character "jin" (gold) highlighting its nobility.</b></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:20px;">明孝陵享殿</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">享殿原名孝陵殿，是明孝陵的主要建筑之一。明洪武十六年（1383）建成。用來供奉朱元璋及其皇后、嬪妃的牌位，是一座擁有三層石造須彌座臺基，面闊九間、進(jìn)深五間的巨大木結(jié)構(gòu)殿宇。</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">原建筑于清咸豐三年（1853）毀于太平天國和湘軍作戰(zhàn)兵火，同治年間重新修建，重建的享殿小了很多，只相當(dāng)于原先的三分之一，現(xiàn)仍遺留有原56個石柱礎(chǔ)。</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">Ming Xiaoling Sacrificial Hall</b></h5><h5><b>The Hall of Enjoyment, originally named the Filial Piety Hall, is one of the main structures of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum. Completed in the 16th year of the Hongwu reign (1383) of the Ming Dynasty, it was used to enshrine the memorial tablets of Zhu Yuanzhang, his empress, and concubines. This grand wooden hall features a three-tiered stone Sumeru pedestal, with a width of nine bays and a depth of five bays.</b></h5><h5><b>The original structure was destroyed during the Taiping Rebellion in the third year of the Xianfeng Emperor's reign (1853) amid the warfare between the Taiping forces and the Xiang Army. It was rebuilt during the Tongzhi era, though the reconstructed hall was significantly smaller, only about one-third of its former size. The site still retains the original 56 stone column bases.</b></h5> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>享殿周圍臺階都雕刻花紋，并雕配龍頭裝飾，雖然歷經(jīng)磨損殘缺，加上秋風(fēng)落葉，更顯滄桑。但在這殘缺遺跡的背后，仿佛可以看到當(dāng)時陵宮的雄偉和氣派！</b></p><h5><b>The steps around the sacrificial hall are all carved with intricate patterns and adorned with dragon head decorations. Though worn and incomplete over time, coupled with the autumn wind and fallen leaves, they exude an even greater sense of vicissitude. Behind these remnants, one can almost envision the grandeur and magnificence of the mausoleum palace in its heyday!</b><br></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:20px;">明孝陵碑殿</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">大明王朝，從1368年立國，至1644年滅亡，前后延續(xù)276年，開國皇帝朱元璋出身寒微，鑄就了他不同于其他帝王的性格特征，在定都南京后國家建設(shè)方面采取諸多新政，『治隆唐宋』而彪炳史冊。</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">Ming Xiaoling Stele Hall</b></h5><h5><b>The Ming Dynasty, established in 1368 and fallen in 1644, lasted for 276 years in total. Its founding emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, came from a humble background, which shaped his distinct character traits compared to other emperors. After establishing the capital in Nanjing, he implemented numerous new policies in state-building, achieving "governance surpassing the Tang and Song" and thus leaving a glorious legacy in history.</b></h5> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>碑殿建于清康熙年間，1699年康熙第三次南巡謁陵，見墻垣多傾圮，就御書"治隆唐宋"四字，交與曹寅（曹雪芹的祖父）勒石制碑，以垂永久，碑兩側(cè)是乾隆皇帝題書的御碑。</b></p><h5><b>The Stele Hall was built during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. In 1699, during his third southern inspection tour to pay homage at the mausoleum, Kangxi noticed many dilapidated walls and personally inscribed the four characters "Zhi Long Tang Song" (surpassing the Tang and Song dynasties in governance). He entrusted the inscription to Cao Yin (grandfather of Cao Xueqin) to carve it onto a stele for posterity. The stele is flanked by imperial steles inscribed by Emperor Qianlong.</b></h5> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>明孝陵方城內(nèi)柏木蒼翠、古樸典雅。</b></p><h5><b>The cypress trees inside the Fangcheng of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum are emerald green, ancient, simple and elegant.</b></h5> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:20px;">明孝陵方城明樓</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">明孝陵方城明樓是陵宮區(qū)核心建筑，形制為明代首創(chuàng)，開創(chuàng)明清帝陵“前方后圓”的格局先河。</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">方城以巨型條石砌筑，高16米，東西長75米，南北寬31米，下部石刻須彌座，正中設(shè)拱門隧道，54級石階。明樓原為黃琉璃瓦重檐歇山頂建筑，現(xiàn)存四壁，樓內(nèi)保留明代方磚鋪地。方城通過隧道式拱門連接寶城寶頂，形成前導(dǎo)空間，兼具防御與禮儀功能，凸顯陵寢的莊嚴(yán)氛圍。</b></h5><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:18px;">Ming Xiaoling Square City and Bright Pavilion</b></p><h5><b style="font-size:15px;">The Fangcheng Minglou of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the core building of the mausoleum palace area. Its architectural form was first created in the Ming Dynasty, pioneering the layout of Ming and Qing imperial mausoleums with the "front square and rear round" pattern.</b></h5><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:15px;">The square city wall was built with massive stone blocks, standing 16 meters high, 75 meters long from east to west, and 31 meters wide from north to south. Its lower section features a stone-carved Sumeru pedestal, with an arched tunnel gate at the center and 54 stone steps. The original soul tower had a double-eaved hip-and-gable roof covered with yellow glazed tiles, of which only the four walls remain today, with Ming dynasty square bricks still paving the floor inside. The square city wall connects to the treasure city and dome through the tunnel-like arched gate, forming an introductory space that serves both defensive and ceremonial purposes, enhancing the solemn atmosphere of the mausoleum.</b></p> <h5><br></h5><h5><b style="font-size:20px;">明孝陵松柏覆蓋的寶頂</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">寶頂并不很高，只是圍著山頭走一圈。走在這條路上，仿佛穿越歷史，穿越那明代厚厚的城墻。</b></h5><h5><b style="font-size:18px;">The treasure top of Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum covered with pine and cypress</b></h5><h5><b>Bao Ding is not very high; it's just a walk around the mountain. Walking on this road, it feels like traveling through history, through the thick city walls of the Ming Dynasty.</b></h5>