<p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">相見歡?無言獨(dú)上西樓</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">南唐?李煜</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">無言獨(dú)上西樓,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">月如鉤。 </span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">寂寞梧桐深院鎖清秋。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">剪不斷,理還亂,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是離愁。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">別是一般滋味在心頭。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">白話譯文</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">默默無言,孤孤單單,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">獨(dú)自一人</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">緩緩登上空空的西樓。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">抬頭望天,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">只有一彎如鉤的冷月相伴。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">低頭望去,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">只見梧桐樹寂寞地孤立院中,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">幽深的庭院</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">被籠罩在清冷凄涼的秋色之中。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">那剪也剪不斷,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">理也理不清,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">讓人心亂如麻的,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">正是亡國之苦。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">那悠悠愁思纏繞在心頭,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">卻又是</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">另一種無可名狀的痛苦。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px;">創(chuàng)作背景</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">975年(開寶八年),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">宋朝滅南唐,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">李煜亡家敗國,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">肉袒出降,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">被囚禁待罪于汴京。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">宋太祖趙匡胤</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">因李煜曾守城相拒,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">封其為“違命侯”。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">李煜在</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">忍屈負(fù)辱地過起了囚徒生活。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">李煜的詞以被俘為界,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">分為前后兩期,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">后期詞作多傾瀉</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">失國之痛和去國之思,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">沉郁哀婉,感人至深。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡》便是</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>后期詞作中很有代表性的一篇。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡·無言獨(dú)上西樓》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是南唐后主</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">李煜的名篇,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">詞牌名為《相見歡》,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">詠的卻是離別愁。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">這是作者被囚于宋國時(shí)所作。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">詞中的繚亂離愁</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">不過是他</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">宮廷生活結(jié)束后的一個(gè)插曲,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">由于當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)歸降宋朝,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">這里所表現(xiàn)的是</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">他離鄉(xiāng)去國的錐心愴痛。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">這首詞感情真實(shí),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">深沉自然,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">突破了花間詞</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">以綺麗膩滑筆調(diào)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">專寫“婦人語”的風(fēng)格,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>是宋初婉約派詞的開山之作。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">相見歡?中秋節(jié)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">(詞林正韻第八部+第七部)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">姚建華</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">中秋節(jié)桂香飄,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">故鄉(xiāng)遙。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">猶記兒時(shí)歡笑繞溪橋。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">剪不斷,理還亂,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>意難消。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">?祈愿嬋娟千里共今宵。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">相見歡</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">詞牌名,又名“烏夜啼”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">“憶真妃”“月上瓜州”等。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">以薛昭蘊(yùn)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡·羅襦繡袂香紅》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">為正體,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">雙調(diào)三十六字,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">前段三句三平韻,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">后段四句兩仄韻兩平韻。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">另有雙調(diào)三十六字,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">前段三句三平韻,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">后段四句一葉韻一疊韻兩平韻;</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">雙調(diào)三十六字,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">前段三句三平韻,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">后段三句兩平韻等變體。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">代表作有</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">李煜</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>《相見歡·無言獨(dú)上西樓》等。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">格律對(duì)照</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">正體</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">格律對(duì)照例詞:</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡·羅襦繡袂香紅》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">晚唐五代?薛昭蘊(yùn)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">中平中仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">中仄中平中仄、仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">羅襦繡袂香紅,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">畫堂中,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">細(xì)草平沙蕃馬、小屏風(fēng)。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">中中仄,中中仄,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">中仄中平中仄、仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">卷羅幕,憑妝閣,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">思無窮,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">暮雨輕煙魂斷、隔簾櫳。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡·羅襦繡袂香紅》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是晚唐五代詞人</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">薛昭蘊(yùn)創(chuàng)作的詞作。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">該詞采用雙調(diào)三十六字格式,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">前段三平韻,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">后段兩仄韻兩平韻,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">被《欽定詞譜》確立為</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡》詞牌正體。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">上片</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">以“羅襦繡袂香紅”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">描述繡衣女子形象,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">通過畫堂屏風(fēng)展現(xiàn)細(xì)草、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平沙、蕃馬等圖案。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">下片</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">描繪女子卷簾憑妝閣、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">凝視簾櫳的動(dòng)作,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">借助暮雨輕煙的意象</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">傳達(dá)相思意緒,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">構(gòu)成一幅生動(dòng)的晚唐仕女圖。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">薛昭蘊(yùn)為河中寶鼎人,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">官至侍郎,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《花間集》將其列為前蜀詞人,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">現(xiàn)存詞十九首。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">作品評(píng)析</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">這首詞純是一幅仕女圖。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">上片</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">“羅襦”點(diǎn)出人物,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">“畫堂中”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">點(diǎn)出室內(nèi)的屏風(fēng)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">及屏風(fēng)上的畫面。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">下片</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">開頭三句寫女子卷簾憑閣。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">后面雖也寫了她思緒無窮、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">魂斷,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>但不知其所由。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">不過,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">從“憑妝閣”的行動(dòng)看,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">也許是懷遠(yuǎn)之愁吧!</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">變體一</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">格律對(duì)照例詞:</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《烏夜啼·不禁枕簟新涼》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">宋?楊無咎</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平仄仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄仄平平仄仄、仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">不禁枕簟新涼,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">夜初長,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">又是驚回好夢、葉敲窗。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平平仄,平仄仄,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平仄仄平平仄、仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">江南望,江北望,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">水茫茫。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">?贏得一襟清淚、伴余香。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《烏夜啼·不禁枕簟新涼》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是宋代詞人</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">楊無咎創(chuàng)作的一首詞,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">收錄于其詞集《逃禪詞》中。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">全詞以“枕簟新涼”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">點(diǎn)明秋夜氣候,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">通過“驚回好夢、葉敲窗”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">描繪深夜葉落驚夢之景,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">“江南望。江北望”的疊用句式</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">展現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)眺之態(tài),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">最終以“一襟清淚”收束全篇,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">呈現(xiàn)悵惘情思。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">楊無咎</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">(1097-1171)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">字補(bǔ)之,號(hào)逃禪老人、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">清夷長者、紫陽居士,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">江西清江人,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">擅長墨梅繪畫與書法。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">其詞作</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">多融合自然意象與情感意象,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">本詞通過</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">“水茫?!薄鞍橛嘞恪钡纫庀蠼M合,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">展現(xiàn)婉約詞風(fēng)與水墨畫意趣。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">現(xiàn)存《逃禪詞》收錄該作,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">詞集以題畫詞為特色。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">變體二</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">格律對(duì)照例詞:</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《西樓子·樓前流水悠悠》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">宋?蔡伸</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平平平仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄仄平平平仄、仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">樓前流水悠悠,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">駐行舟,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">滿目寒云衰草、使人愁。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平仄仄,平仄仄,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平仄仄平平仄、仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">?多少恨,多少淚,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">漫遲留,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">何事驀然拌舍、去來休。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">[宋]蔡伸的《西樓子》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是一首詞作。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">全詞以“樓前流水悠悠”開篇,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">通過“駐行舟”場景</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">與“滿目寒云衰草”意象</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">勾勒秋日蕭瑟,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">進(jìn)而以“多少恨,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">多少淚,謾遲留”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">層層遞進(jìn)直述羈旅愁緒。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">末句</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">“何似驀然拚舍、去來休”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">展現(xiàn)詞人掙脫愁思的心境轉(zhuǎn)折。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">變體三</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">格律對(duì)照例詞:</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡·曉來閑立回塘》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">宋?張鎡</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄仄平平平仄,仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">曉來閑立回塘,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">一襟香,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">玉飐云妝風(fēng)外,數(shù)枝涼。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平仄平平平仄,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平仄平平仄仄、仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">相并渾如私語,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">惱人腸,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">飛去方知白鷺、在花傍。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">張鎡</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">(1153年-1235年),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">字功甫,亦作功父,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">又字時(shí)可,號(hào)約齋。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">祖籍鳳翔(今屬陜西),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">居臨安(今浙江杭州)。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">張俊曾孫,張炎曾祖。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">中國南宋詞人。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">張鎡以蔭得官,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">孝宗淳熙十四年(1187年),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">通判臨安府。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">光宗紹熙元年(1190年),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">直秘閣。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">寧宗慶元元年(1195年),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">任司農(nóng)寺主簿。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">寧宗慶元四年(1198年 ),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">由司農(nóng)寺丞落職與宮觀。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">開禧三年(1207年),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">除司農(nóng)少卿,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">參與史彌遠(yuǎn)謀殺韓侂胄,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">為史所忌,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">坐事追兩官送廣德軍居住。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">嘉定四年(1211年),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">復(fù)謀誅史,事情泄漏,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">除名勒停,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">送象州羈管。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">端平二年(1235),卒。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">張鎡精于書法,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">兼善畫竹石古木。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">亦長于詞,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">內(nèi)容大都寫園林風(fēng)光、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">節(jié)序感興、詠花賞月,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">以及交游酬唱等,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">而敘登臨宴游者居半。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">詞風(fēng)清麗和婉,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">語言明快洗練,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">寫景詠物,尤為工細(xì)。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>著有《南湖集》10卷等。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">變體四</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">格律對(duì)照例詞:</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡·西風(fēng)先到巖扃》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">宋?吳文英</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平平平仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平仄平平仄仄、仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">西風(fēng)先到巖扃,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">月櫳明,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">金露啼珠滴碎、小云屏。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄仄仄,仄平平,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">平仄仄平平仄、仄平平。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">一顆顆,一星星,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是秋情。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">香裂碧窗煙破、醉魂醒。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">吳文英</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">(約1200年-約1260年),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">字君特,號(hào)夢窗,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">晚年又號(hào)覺翁,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">四明鄞縣(今浙江寧波)人。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">南宋詞人。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《宋史》無傳。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">一生未第,游幕終身,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">于蘇州、杭州、越州、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">三地居留最久。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">并以蘇州為中心,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">北上到過淮安、鎮(zhèn)江,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">蘇杭道中又歷經(jīng)吳江垂虹亭、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">無錫惠山,及茹霅二溪。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">游蹤所至,每有題詠。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">晚年吳文英一度客居越州,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">先后為浙東安撫使吳潛</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">及嗣榮王趙與芮門下客,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">后困躓而死。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">吳文英以詞著名,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">知音律,能自度曲。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">其詞作數(shù)量豐沃,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">風(fēng)格雅致,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">著有《夢窗詞集》,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">存詞三百四十余首,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">分四卷本與一卷本。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">他對(duì)詞的貢獻(xiàn)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">主要在藝術(shù)技巧方面,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">以講究字面、烹煉詞句、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">措意深雅、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">守律精嚴(yán)為基本特征。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">吳文英在豐富詞體方面,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>也有一定貢獻(xiàn)。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">相見歡?林花謝了春紅</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">南唐?李煜</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">林花謝了春紅,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">太匆匆。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">無奈朝來寒雨晚來風(fēng)。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">胭脂淚,相留醉,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">幾時(shí)重。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">自是人生長恨水長東。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">白話譯文</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">樹林間的紅花已經(jīng)凋謝,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">花開花落,才有幾時(shí),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">實(shí)在是去得太匆忙了。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">也是無可奈何啊,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">花兒怎么能經(jīng)得起</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">那凄風(fēng)寒雨晝夜摧殘呢?</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">飄落遍地的紅花,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">被雨水淋過,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">像是美人雙頰上的胭脂</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">在和著淚水流淌。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">花兒和憐花人相互留戀,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">如醉如癡,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">什么時(shí)候才能再重逢呢?</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">人生令人遺憾的事情太多,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">就像那東逝的江水,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">不休不止,永無盡頭。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">創(chuàng)作背景</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">這首詞當(dāng)作于公元975年</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">(北宋太祖開寶八年)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">李煜被俘之后。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">南唐滅亡,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">李煜被俘北上,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">留居汴京</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">(今河南開封)二年多。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">待罪被囚的生活</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">使他感到極大的痛苦。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">他給金陵</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">(今江蘇南京)</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">舊宮人的信說</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">“此中日夕,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">只以眼淚洗面”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">(王铚《默記》卷下)。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">此詞即寫于</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>作者身為階下囚時(shí)期。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡·林花謝了春紅》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是五代十國時(shí)期</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">南唐后主李煜的詞作。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">此詞是即景抒情的典范之作,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">它將人生失意的無限悵恨</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">寄寓在對(duì)暮春殘景的描繪中,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">表面上是傷春詠別,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">實(shí)質(zhì)上是抒寫</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">“人生長恨水長東”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">的深切悲慨。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">這種悲慨</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">不僅是抒寫一己的失意情懷,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">而且是涵蓋了</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">整個(gè)人類所共有的生命的缺憾,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是一種融匯和濃縮了</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">?無數(shù)痛苦的人生體驗(yàn)的浩嘆。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">相見歡·微云一抹遙峰</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">清?納蘭性德</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">微云一抹遙峰,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">冷溶溶,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">恰與個(gè)人清曉畫眉同。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">紅蠟淚,青綾被,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">水沉濃,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">卻與黃茅野店聽西風(fēng)。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">作品譯文</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">遙遠(yuǎn)的山峰上飄著一抹微云,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">冷溶溶的遠(yuǎn)山,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">那一抹微云的遠(yuǎn)山</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">像極了她清曉畫的眉形。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">妻子一人</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">孤獨(dú)凄清的盞著紅蠟,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">蓋著青菱被,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">任那水沉香的香氣沉?xí)灐?lt;/span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">但此時(shí)自己身在遠(yuǎn)方,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">停宿黃茅野店,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">耳畔是西風(fēng)獵獵,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">感到凄遲傷感。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">創(chuàng)作背景</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">這首詞</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">有解為是思念妻子的作品,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">時(shí)間尚存爭議,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">但大抵認(rèn)同創(chuàng)作于邊塞。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">納蘭是個(gè)多情之人,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">對(duì)所愛之人往往用情很深。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">在早年</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">與相戀的表妹失之交臂后,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">二十歲的納蘭性德</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">娶兩廣總督、兵部尚書</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">盧興祖之女盧氏為妻。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">少年夫妻無限恩愛,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">可惜好景不長,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">美好的生活只過了短短三年,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">愛妻便香消玉殞了。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">那種“曾經(jīng)滄海難為水,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">除卻巫山不是云”</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">的深厚情感</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">一直使納蘭無法自拔。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">納蘭雖只有三十余年生涯,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">但可以肯定的是,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">步過了坎坷的感情經(jīng)歷,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">他可謂已熟諳人生,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">對(duì)于生涯中</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">美好的悲劇性追憶,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">成為他詞中主旨。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡·微云一抹遙峰》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是清代詞人</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">納蘭性德的作品。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">全詩運(yùn)用了借景抒情的手法,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">描寫了清晨閨中</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">妻子梳妝時(shí)所描畫出的蛾眉,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">以及想象中</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">妻子孤獨(dú)凄清的情景。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">表達(dá)了客旅塞外的詩人</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">對(duì)行役生涯的</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>無奈和對(duì)妻子的思念。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">相見歡?落花如夢凄迷</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">清?納蘭性德</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">落花如夢凄迷,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">麝煙微,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">又是夕陽潛下小樓西。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">愁無限,消瘦盡,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">有誰知?</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>閑教玉籠鸚鵡念郎詩。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">白話譯文</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">落花如煙似夢,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">凄婉迷茫;</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">紅日墜向小樓之西,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">室中麝蘭飄香。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">無限憂愁使閨中人容顏消瘦,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">可沒人知道她的憂傷。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">閑來無事調(diào)弄鸚鵡,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">教它誦念情郎贈(zèng)我的詩章。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">創(chuàng)作背景</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">康熙十三年(1674年),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">作者與兩廣總督</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">盧興祖之女盧氏成婚,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">婚后夫妻兩人情感篤深、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">琴瑟和鳴、無限恩愛,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">這首詞正作于此階段,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">目的想要</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">展現(xiàn)兩人的情感歷程。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">秋季,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">納蘭性德公務(wù)纏身,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">身在遠(yuǎn)方,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">不能在家陪伴妻子,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">想象妻子在家思念自己,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">愁苦無聊至極,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">便作下此詞</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">表達(dá)自己對(duì)妻子的思念之情。</span></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">《相見歡·落花如夢凄迷》</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">是清代詞人</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">納蘭性德所寫的一首詞。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">這首詞描寫的是</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">一個(gè)女子在閨閣之中</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">懷春思人的情形,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">寫得極為含蓄,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">整首詞仿佛是</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">許許多多破碎的畫面。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">全詞運(yùn)用環(huán)境描寫、</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">心理描寫以及動(dòng)作描寫,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">塑造了</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">閨中女子傷春懷遠(yuǎn)的形象,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">表達(dá)了詞人對(duì)妻子的思念。</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">該詞境界氛圍之渲染,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">動(dòng)作神態(tài)之描繪,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">心理物態(tài)之刻畫,</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;">鮮明生動(dòng),</span></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:22px;"><span class="ql-cursor">?</span>細(xì)膩深刻,令人贊嘆。</span></p>