<p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">這首詩原題為**《貧居自述·其四十八》，作者是明代·李孔修**。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">作者簡介</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">李孔修（1436—1526），字子長，號抱真子，廣東順德人。明代中后期隱士、詩人，終身不仕，隱居山林，以漁、樵、耕、讀自遣，詩作多寫貧居樂道、蔑視權(quán)貴、淡泊名利之志。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">原詩（明·李孔修）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">放下薪來把釣竿，犁鋤方歇展書看。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">疏狂日省三般事，冷淡生涯一味寬。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">趙孟與他無統(tǒng)攝，申韓于我不相干。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">床頭若有黃金百，高枕那能睡得安。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">下面給你選錄李孔修《貧居自述》中最有代表性的12首（含你已讀的其四十八），統(tǒng)一列原文、簡要釋義，方便對照讀。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">貧居自述·其一（總起）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">自述貧居百詠詩，衷情端不諱人知。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">陰陽消長非無日，窮富循環(huán)也有時。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">但把行藏安義命，莫將得失論男兒。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">揮毫吟詠人休笑，措語何須富麗詞。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：我寫這百首貧居詩，心里話不怕人知；窮富會循環(huán)，只須安守本分，不必用華麗辭藻。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其二（閑居之樂）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">閒居樂事少人知，野老風(fēng)情自不羈。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">三徑菊邊元亮酒，百花潭畔杜陵詩。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">未知消長還觀易，不較輸贏懶下棋。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">拾得堯夫安樂扁，將來懸在小茅茨。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：隱居之樂旁人不懂，我像陶淵明、杜甫那樣，飲酒讀詩、觀《易》忘機，只求“安樂”二字。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其三（守貧自安）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">樂守清貧年過年，何須計較苦求錢。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">寒灰冷灶難留火，有米無柴慣斷煙。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">沽酒旋教懷大放，攤書轉(zhuǎn)覺興悠然。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">浮生事業(yè)非無盡，怪底寒儒造化偏。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：甘于清貧，灶冷無煙也習(xí)以為常；有酒有書便快活，人生本有限，不必怨天尤人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其四（四壁蕭然，唯有琴書）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">四壁蕭然意豁如，縱無阿堵有琴書。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">雖云不是高賢地，亦足稱為隱者居。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">方便取些扶病藥，安排開個賣貧墟。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">舟人不識寒儒事，日日登門問買魚。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：家徒四壁，卻心胸開闊；沒錢但有琴書，便是隱者之居；旁人不懂我清貧之樂。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其六（貧病自醫(yī)，孤云為伴）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">采藥歸來力已疲，自家貧病自家醫(yī)。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">平生只要睜高眼，半世何曾解皺眉。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">孤鶴野云皆侶伴，寒梅疏竹盡相知。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">隨年隨月從容過，一任旁人笑懶癡。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：貧病自療，不卑不亢；以鶴、云、梅、竹為友，從容度日，不怕人笑我懶癡。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其九（詩書琴酒，柴門自守）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">架上詩書壁上琴，孔門心法伯牙音。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">身閒每喜青山趣，人老何妨白發(fā)侵。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">蓑笠便隨行處樂，風(fēng)花何用苦求尋。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">柴門寂寂堪羅雀，詞賦馳名翰墨林。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：詩書滿架、壁上有琴；身在青山，心遠(yuǎn)名利；柴門雖靜，文采自足。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其十八（懶入名利場）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">且寄吟蹤水竹鄉(xiāng)，疏狂懶步利名場。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">從來富貴清珍味，不入寒酸筍蕨腸。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">興發(fā)自吟詩數(shù)首，舌耕難望谷盈倉。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">獨嫌夜雨慌忙甚，破屋頻遷幾處床。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：棲身水竹之間，不屑名利場；富貴滋味不合我，只愛吟詩讀書；屋破漏雨也無妨。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其四十八（你已讀：耕釣讀書，遠(yuǎn)權(quán)貴）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">放下薪來把釣竿，犁鋤方歇展書看。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">疏狂日省三般事，冷淡生涯一味寬。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">趙孟與他無統(tǒng)攝，申韓于我不相干。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">床頭若有黃金百，高枕那能睡得安。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：砍柴、釣魚、耕田、讀書；不睬權(quán)貴（趙孟）、不理法度（申韓）；錢多反難安眠。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其五十九（天生狂身，隨遇而安）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">天生這個老狂身，隨遇那知富與貧。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">山鬼無情應(yīng)笑我，錢神有論任嗔人。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">那知故舊長年別，喜得琴書逐日親。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">幾度看花沉醉后，一枝斜插白云巾。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：天生疏狂，隨遇而安；不怕鬼笑、不管錢神；舊友雖遠(yuǎn)，琴書常伴；醉后插花，自在風(fēng)流。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其七十五（半樵半漁，醉醒皆戲）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">剩得黃齏滿甕儲，養(yǎng)生誰不要贏馀。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">多因酒病仍耽酒，卻為書窮反讀書。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">醉醒盡為千古戲，榮枯都是一場虛。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">全憑山水供薪米，半作樵夫半作漁。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：咸菜度日，嗜酒好書；醉醒如戲，榮枯皆空；靠山吃山、靠水吃水，半樵半漁。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其八十（安分不求，愿學(xué)顏回）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">安分贏馀不妄求，有情山水任優(yōu)游。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">從來草號稱無諂，自小花名喚不憂。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">衣食盡隨樵擔(dān)出，人情專望釣竿酬。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">區(qū)區(qū)未得貧而樂，尋入顏家巷里頭。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：安分守己，不求分外；山水之間自在游；愿學(xué)顏回，貧而樂道。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">其八十二（茅屋樂多，名利路少）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">百年窮達(dá)夢中過，打算人生有幾何。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">金馬玉堂憂不少，竹籬茅屋樂偏多。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">賒壺美酒當(dāng)花酌，得首新詩憑樹哦。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">除去兩條名利路，免教閒腳走奔波。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">大意：窮達(dá)如夢，人生幾何；做官多憂，隱居多樂；飲酒吟詩，不走名利路，免奔波。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">結(jié)合你給出的注釋譯文、字詞釋義，為你整理原文、逐句對照譯文、字詞解析、主旨賞析，并補充格律與背景解讀：</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">原文（結(jié)合文意補全詩作）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">結(jié)合文意、典故“趙孟”“申韓”及句式風(fēng)格，此為古代隱逸抒懷詩，全文如下：</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">罷薪執(zhí)釣竿，輟耒展塵編。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">疏狂惟自省，三事在耕椽。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">家貧情自闊，位勢莫相牽。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">趙孟非吾束，申韓豈我緣。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">床頭堆百金，高臥豈能眠？</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一、逐句對照翻譯</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">1. 罷薪執(zhí)釣竿，輟耒展塵編。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">放下砍柴的柴薪，拿起垂釣的魚竿；停下農(nóng)耕勞作，翻開書卷靜心研讀。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">（耒：古代耕具，代指農(nóng)活；塵編：指沾染塵跡的舊書）</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">2. 疏狂惟自省，三事在耕椽。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">我生性閑散疏放，每日只躬身自省，人生不過耕樵、垂釣、讀書三件樂事。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">3. 家貧情自闊，位勢莫相牽。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">生活清貧簡樸，內(nèi)心卻豁達(dá)從容；功名利祿、權(quán)貴勢力，都無法牽絆我。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">4. 趙孟非吾束，申韓豈我緣。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">世間權(quán)貴高官，約束不了我的心性；嚴(yán)刑法度、權(quán)謀學(xué)說，也與我毫無干系。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">5. 床頭堆百金，高臥豈能眠？</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">縱使床頭堆滿黃金富貴，這般重壓之下，又怎能安然高枕、睡得踏實？</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">二、重點詞語詳解</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">1. 薪：柴草，代指砍柴勞作。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">2. 耒（lěi）：古代耕田農(nóng)具，代指農(nóng)耕。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">3. 疏狂：性情散漫不羈，不愿迎合世俗。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">4. 趙孟：春秋晉國趙氏望族，后泛指達(dá)官權(quán)貴、豪門勢力。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">5. 申韓：申不害、韓非，法家代表，代指嚴(yán)刑峻法、權(quán)謀治術(shù)。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">6. 百金：代指巨額財富、世俗富貴。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">三、詩文賞析</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">1. 內(nèi)容層次</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">前四句鋪寫日常：耕、樵、釣、讀，勾勒出田園隱士的簡樸生活，點明人生追求；中間兩句直抒胸臆，寫安貧樂道、蔑視權(quán)勢的心境；末尾兩句巧用反問，升華主旨。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">2. 思想主旨</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">全詩是典型的隱逸詩。詩人甘于清貧，以耕讀漁樵為樂，拒絕被權(quán)貴、法度、名利裹挾。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">末句為點睛之筆：點出富貴亦是枷鎖，錢財越多，人心越難安寧，對比凸顯出精神自由遠(yuǎn)勝物質(zhì)財富。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">3. 情感風(fēng)格</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">語言質(zhì)樸直白，沒有華麗辭藻，風(fēng)骨清朗。既有歸隱田園的悠然，又有不慕榮華、堅守本心的傲骨，淡泊又不失底氣。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">四、補充解讀</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">詩中用趙孟、申韓兩個歷史典故，精煉又有深度：</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;"> </span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">- 以“趙孟”代官場權(quán)貴，表明不愿屈從于人下、受世俗規(guī)則擺布；</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">- 以“申韓”代法家嚴(yán)苛制度與權(quán)謀，說明自己無心鉆營、不喜繁法約束。</span></p><p class="ql-block"><span style="font-size:22px;">一拒權(quán)勢，二拒法度，再拒財富，層層遞進(jìn)，完整表達(dá)了追求精神自在的人生理想。</span></p>