<p class="ql-block">按語: 克萊爾的The Nightingale's Nest，是用質(zhì)樸的語言寫就的自然贊歌，藏著最本真的自然共情與生態(tài)敬畏；謝詩琳的《夜鶯的愛巢》，則是用中文的審美語言完成的一次完美的詩歌轉(zhuǎn)譯。譯者以美顏翻譯理論為指引，在每一個翻譯環(huán)節(jié)都做到 “保真為基，美顏為翼”：標(biāo)題的增譯錨定情感核心，詞匯的處理兼顧精準(zhǔn)與美感，句式的節(jié)奏貼合原詩的敘事抒情，意境的擬人化貼合中式審美，而最核心的，是始終守住了克萊爾農(nóng)民詩人的質(zhì)樸風(fēng)格與詩歌的自然敬畏主題。</p> <p class="ql-block">1.原作:</p><p class="ql-block">THE NIGHTINGALE'S NEST</p><p class="ql-block">by John Clare</p><p class="ql-block">UP this green woodland-ride let's softly rove,</p><p class="ql-block">And list the nightingale — she dwells just here.</p><p class="ql-block">Hush! let the wood-gate softly clap, for fear</p><p class="ql-block">The noise might drive her from her home of love;</p><p class="ql-block">For here I've heard her many a merry year—</p><p class="ql-block">At morn, at eve, nay, all the live-long day,</p><p class="ql-block">As though she lived on song. This very spot,</p><p class="ql-block">Just where that old-man's-beard all wildly trails</p><p class="ql-block">Rude arbours o'er the road, and stops the way —</p><p class="ql-block">And where that child its blue-bell flowers hath got,</p><p class="ql-block">Laughing and creeping through the mossy rails—</p><p class="ql-block">There have I hunted like a very boy,</p><p class="ql-block">Creeping on hands and knees through matted thorn</p><p class="ql-block">To find her nest, and see her feed her young.</p><p class="ql-block">And vainly did I many hours employ:</p><p class="ql-block">All seemed as hidden as a thought unborn.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">And where those crimping fern-leaves ramp among</p><p class="ql-block">The hazel's under boughs, I've nestled down,</p><p class="ql-block">And watched her while she sung ; and her renown</p><p class="ql-block">Hath made me marvel that so famed a bird</p><p class="ql-block">Should have no better dress than russet brown.</p><p class="ql-block">Her wings would tremble in her ecstasy,</p><p class="ql-block">And feathers stand on end, as 'twere with joy,</p><p class="ql-block">And mouth wide open to release her heart</p><p class="ql-block">Of its out-sobbing songs. The happiest part</p><p class="ql-block">Of summer's fame she shared, for so to me</p><p class="ql-block">Did happy fancies shapen her employ;</p><p class="ql-block">But if I touched a bush, or scarcely stirred,</p><p class="ql-block">All in a moment stopt. I watched in vain:</p><p class="ql-block">The timid bird had left the hazel bush,</p><p class="ql-block">And at a distance hid to sing again.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">Lost in a wilderness of listening leaves,</p><p class="ql-block">Rich Ecstasy would pour its luscious strain,</p><p class="ql-block">Till envy spurred the emulating thrush</p><p class="ql-block">To start less wild and scarce inferior songs;</p><p class="ql-block">For while of half the year Care him bereaves,</p><p class="ql-block">To damp the ardour of his speckled breast;</p><p class="ql-block">The nightingale to summer's life belongs,</p><p class="ql-block">And naked trees, and winter's nipping wrongs,</p><p class="ql-block">Are strangers to her music and her rest.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">Her joys are evergreen, her world is wide—</p><p class="ql-block">Hark! there she is as usual— let's be hush—</p><p class="ql-block">For in this black-thorn clump, if rightly guest,</p><p class="ql-block">Her curious house is hidden. Part aside</p><p class="ql-block">These hazel branches in a gentle way,</p><p class="ql-block">And stoop right cautious 'neath the rustling boughs,</p><p class="ql-block">For we will have another search to day,</p><p class="ql-block">And hunt this fern-strewn thorn-clump round and round;</p><p class="ql-block">And where this reeded wood-grass idly bows,</p><p class="ql-block">We'll wade right through, it is a likely nook:</p><p class="ql-block">In such like spots, and often on the ground,</p><p class="ql-block">They'll build, where rude boys never think to look—</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">Aye, as I live! her secret nest is here,</p><p class="ql-block">Upon this white-thorn stump! I've searched about</p><p class="ql-block">For hours in vain. There! put that bramble by—</p><p class="ql-block">Nay, trample on its branches and get near.</p><p class="ql-block">How subtle is the bird! she started out,</p><p class="ql-block">And raised a plaintive note of danger nigh,</p><p class="ql-block">Ere we were past the brambles; and now, near</p><p class="ql-block">Her nest, she sudden stops — as choking fear,</p><p class="ql-block">That might betray her home. So even now</p><p class="ql-block">We'll leave it as we found it: safety's guard</p><p class="ql-block">Of pathless solitudes shall keep it still.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">See there! she's sitting on the old oak bough,</p><p class="ql-block">Mute in her fears; our presence doth retard</p><p class="ql-block">Her joys, and doubt turns every rapture chill.</p><p class="ql-block">Sing on, sweet bird! may no worse hap befall</p><p class="ql-block">Thy visions, than the fear that now deceives.</p><p class="ql-block">We will not plunder music of its dower,</p><p class="ql-block">Nor turn this spot of happiness to thrall;</p><p class="ql-block">For melody seems hid in every flower,</p><p class="ql-block">That blossoms near thy home. These harebells all</p><p class="ql-block">Seem bowing with the beautiful in song;</p><p class="ql-block">And gaping cuckoo-flower, with spotted leaves,</p><p class="ql-block">Seems blushing of the singing it has heard.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">How curious is the nest; no other bird</p><p class="ql-block">Uses such loose materials, or weaves</p><p class="ql-block">Its dwelling in such spots: dead oaken leaves</p><p class="ql-block">Are placed without, and velvet moss within,</p><p class="ql-block">And little scraps of grass, and, scant and spare,</p><p class="ql-block">What scarcely seem materials, down and hair;</p><p class="ql-block">For from men's haunts she nothing seems to win.</p><p class="ql-block">Yet Nature is the builder, and contrives</p><p class="ql-block">Homes for her children's comfort, even here;</p><p class="ql-block">Where Solitude's disciples spend their lives</p><p class="ql-block">Unseen, save when a wanderer passes near</p><p class="ql-block">That loves such pleasant places. Deep adown,</p><p class="ql-block">The nest is made a hermit's mossy cell.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">Snug lie her curious eggs in number five,</p><p class="ql-block">Of deadened green, or rather olive brown;</p><p class="ql-block">And the old prickly thorn-bush guards them well.</p><p class="ql-block">So here we'll leave them, still unknown to wrong,</p><p class="ql-block">As the old woodland's legacy of song.</p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block">2.謝詩琳的譯文:</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block"> 夜鶯的愛巢</p><p class="ql-block"> 約翰?克萊爾 著</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">沿著這條綠草茵茵的林間小道，咱們款款而行，</p><p class="ql-block">去傾聽夜鶯的歌聲吧—夜鶯就棲息在樹林里。</p><p class="ql-block">噓！任柴扉輕輕地合上，免得</p><p class="ql-block">關(guān)門聲把夜鶯從愛巢中驚起飛走；</p><p class="ql-block">因?yàn)槎嗄陙砭驮谶@里我曾聽她歡快地歌唱—</p><p class="ql-block">在黎明、在夜間，不，整整一天，無時(shí)不刻，</p><p class="ql-block">好像她靠歌唱活著。就在此處，</p><p class="ql-block">就在流蘇樹沿路瘋長蔓延的地方。</p><p class="ql-block">小路上藤蔓無序漫延，阻擋著前進(jìn)的道路—</p><p class="ql-block">就在那兒，小孩摘來了藍(lán)鈴花，</p><p class="ql-block">歡笑著躡手躡腳地穿過長滿苔蘚的軌道—</p><p class="ql-block">就在那兒，我曾像稚童一樣追嬉探尋，</p><p class="ql-block">手腳并用地在糾纏的荊棘中爬行穿越</p><p class="ql-block">目的是找到她的愛巢，看她喂養(yǎng)寶寶。</p><p class="ql-block">我白白地浪費(fèi)了許多時(shí)光：</p><p class="ql-block">一切就像未誕生的意圖一樣隱秘。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">而在那些卷曲的蕨葉蔓延的地方，</p><p class="ql-block">在榛樹的矮枝下，我蹲在那里，</p><p class="ql-block">并在她歌唱時(shí)注視著她；她的聲望</p><p class="ql-block">竟讓我驚嘆：這般聲名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)的夜鶯</p><p class="ql-block">最美麗的服裝就是她赤褐色羽毛。</p><p class="ql-block">她在歌唱最動情時(shí)會扇動翅膀，</p><p class="ql-block">而且羽毛會豎起，好像滿心歡喜，</p><p class="ql-block">她的喙張得大大的，釋放她心里</p><p class="ql-block">那些如泣如訴的歌聲。最快樂的歌聲</p><p class="ql-block">莫過于她分享的夏日聲名，因?yàn)閷ξ叶?lt;/p><p class="ql-block">愉快的幻想的確塑造了她的職業(yè)；</p><p class="ql-block">但倘若我碰一下樹枝，或者輕微地動一動，</p><p class="ql-block">剎那間，她會停止歌唱。我只好眼睜睜地看著：</p><p class="ql-block">這只羞怯的鳥兒飛離了榛樹叢，</p><p class="ql-block">而且在遠(yuǎn)處隱藏起來，再次歌唱。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">消失在搖曳傾聽的茫茫樹葉中，</p><p class="ql-block">濃郁的狂喜將傾瀉出其甘美的旋律，</p><p class="ql-block">直到嫉妒激起了模仿的畫眉鳥</p><p class="ql-block">開始唱出不那么狂野卻絕不遜色的歌曲；</p><p class="ql-block">只因半年歲月里，煩憂將它纏磨， </p><p class="ql-block">澆熄那斑斕胸脯下的一腔熾情。</p><p class="ql-block">夜鶯屬于夏季的生命，</p><p class="ql-block">光禿禿的樹，和冬季刺骨寒意的不適，</p><p class="ql-block">對她的音樂和她的休憩一無所知。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">她的歡樂如常青樹般持久，她的世界廣闊無垠 ——</p><p class="ql-block">聽著！她像往常一樣在那兒 —— 咱們安靜點(diǎn) ——</p><p class="ql-block">因?yàn)樵谶@黑刺叢，倘若猜測不錯的話，</p><p class="ql-block">她那令人好奇的屋子藏起來了。輕輕地</p><p class="ql-block">把這些榛樹枝條撥開</p><p class="ql-block">然后小心翼翼地在沙沙作響的樹枝下俯身，</p><p class="ql-block">因?yàn)槲覀兘裉爝€要再一次進(jìn)行搜尋，</p><p class="ql-block">在這片布滿蕨類和荊棘叢的地方四處搜尋；</p><p class="ql-block">而在這片長著悠閑搖曳蘆葦狀木草的地方，</p><p class="ql-block">我們將徑直蹚水過去，這很可能是一個僻靜處：</p><p class="ql-block">在如此般僻靜之地，而且往往在地面上，</p><p class="ql-block">夜鶯會筑愛巢，這是粗魯男孩永遠(yuǎn)忽視的地方——</p><p class="ql-block">哎，千真萬確！她的秘密愛巢就在這兒，</p><p class="ql-block">就在這根白荊棘樹樁上！我四處搜尋</p><p class="ql-block">白白浪費(fèi)了好幾個小時(shí)。那兒！把荊棘推到一邊 ——</p><p class="ql-block">不對，是踩踏荊棘的枝條并挨著荊棘筑巢。</p><p class="ql-block">這只夜鶯多么機(jī)警??！她開始</p><p class="ql-block">發(fā)出了一聲哀怨的、預(yù)示著危險(xiǎn)臨近的調(diào)子，</p><p class="ql-block">不等我們穿過荊棘叢；此刻，就在</p><p class="ql-block">她的愛巢附近，她突然停止哀叫——如恐懼而窒息，</p><p class="ql-block">哀叫一定會暴露她的愛巢。所以即使是現(xiàn)在</p><p class="ql-block">我們會讓它保持原樣：安全的愛巢</p><p class="ql-block">在人跡罕至的孤寂之地安然留存的愛巢。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">看那兒！她正棲息在古橡樹樹枝上，</p><p class="ql-block">因恐懼而沉默；我們的出現(xiàn)的確會遏制</p><p class="ql-block">她的喜悅，而疑慮讓每一份狂喜都變得冰冷。</p><p class="ql-block">繼續(xù)歌唱吧，可愛的鳥兒！愿災(zāi)禍不再降臨</p><p class="ql-block">你的視野，你最大的劫難不過是此刻欺人的恐懼。</p><p class="ql-block">我們不會掠奪音樂的天賦嫁妝，</p><p class="ql-block">也不要將這方幸福之地變?yōu)榕壑?lt;/p><p class="ql-block">因?yàn)樾煞路鸩卦诿恳欢浠ɑ芾铮?lt;/p><p class="ql-block">這些花盛開在你家附近，所有這些藍(lán)鈴花</p><p class="ql-block">好似在歌聲中翩翩起舞；</p><p class="ql-block">還有斑斕綠葉襯托的、盛開的布谷鳥花，</p><p class="ql-block">好像因聽到這歌聲而羞紅了臉。</p><p class="ql-block">這樣的鳥巢多么奇特啊！沒有別的鳥</p><p class="ql-block">使用這類松散的材料，或者編織</p><p class="ql-block">自己的窩在這樣的地方：枯橡樹葉</p><p class="ql-block">置于外側(cè)，而天鵝絨般的苔蘚在內(nèi)側(cè)，</p><p class="ql-block">還有少量的的草屑，零零星星，稀稀落落，</p><p class="ql-block">那些幾乎算不上材料的東西 —— 羽絨和毛發(fā)；</p><p class="ql-block">只因從世人的居所，她似乎一無所獲。</p><p class="ql-block">然而，大自然才是建造者，精心設(shè)計(jì)著</p><p class="ql-block">舒適的家園，為了她的孩子們，在這里；</p><p class="ql-block">孤獨(dú)的信徒們度過一生的地方</p><p class="ql-block">無人知曉，除非游子從附近經(jīng)過</p><p class="ql-block">由于喜愛這般宜人的地方。在鳥巢深處，</p><p class="ql-block">巢穴筑成了隱士的長滿苔蘚的蝸居。</p><p class="ql-block">她下的五枚鳥蛋溫暖而舒適地躺在鳥巢里，</p><p class="ql-block">鳥蛋呈現(xiàn)暗綠色，更確切地說，是橄欖棕色；</p><p class="ql-block">而古老多刺的荊棘叢好好守護(hù)著他們。</p><p class="ql-block">那么我們把他們留在這兒吧，永遠(yuǎn)不被壞人知曉，</p><p class="ql-block">如同那古老林地夜鶯歌聲的遺產(chǎn)。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block">3.About the author</p><p class="ql-block">John Clare (1793–1864) was a preeminent 19th-century English Peasant Poet and nature writer. Born into a poor farming family with little formal education, he drew inspiration from intimate observation of the Northamptonshire countryside. Writing in simple, colloquial language with unadorned realism and gentle empathy, he created classics like The Nightingale’s Nest and the existential lyric I Am (composed in asylums during his later mental struggles). Once marginalized, he was rediscovered in the 20th century and hailed as England’s greatest working-class poet, his work preserving vanishing rural beauty and anticipating modern ecological thought.</p><p class="ql-block">作者簡介</p><p class="ql-block">約翰?克萊爾（1793–1864）是 19 世紀(jì)杰出的英國農(nóng)民詩人和自然作家。他出生于一個貧窮的農(nóng)民家庭，幾乎沒有接受過正規(guī)教育，從對北安普敦郡鄉(xiāng)村的細(xì)致觀察中汲取靈感。他以簡潔、通俗的語言進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作，風(fēng)格質(zhì)樸寫實(shí)且飽含溫柔的共情，創(chuàng)作了《夜鶯的愛巢》等經(jīng)典作品，以及存在主義抒情詩《我是》（這首詩是他晚年精神掙扎期間在精神病院創(chuàng)作的）。他曾一度被邊緣化，20 世紀(jì)被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)，并被譽(yù)為英國最偉大的工人階級詩人，其作品留存了正在消逝的鄉(xiāng)村之美，還預(yù)示了現(xiàn)代生態(tài)思想。</p><p class="ql-block"> </p> <p class="ql-block">4.譯者簡介</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"> 詩琳外語，謝詩琳，江西南昌三江人，前南昌大學(xué)人武學(xué)院外語系黨支部書記、系主任、副教授，翻譯出版了《莎士比亞十四行詩全集(英漢對照全譯本)》和《培根隨筆全集(英漢對照全譯本)》，擔(dān)任英語專業(yè)高年級主干課程教學(xué)工作，是全國大學(xué)生英語競賽優(yōu)秀指導(dǎo)教師。此外，創(chuàng)作了《十四行詩里的未寄情書》等多篇短篇小說和《春天頌》等原創(chuàng)雙語詩歌。譯著《莎士比亞十四行詩翻譯與欣賞》即將出版。</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">About the translator:</p><p class="ql-block"> Shilin Foreign Language, Xie Shilin, a native of Sanjiang, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, is a former Party Branch Secretary of CPC, Dean of the Foreign Languages’ Department of the People's Arms College of Nanchang University, and Associate Professor. He has translated and published The Complete Works of Shakespeare's Sonnets (A Complete Bilingual Chinese-English Translation) and The Complete Essays of Francis Bacon (A Complete Bilingual Chinese-English Translation). He teaches core courses for senior English majors and is an outstanding instructor for the National English Competition for College Students. In addition, she has written several short stories such as Unsent Love Letters in Sonnets and original bilingual poems like Ode to Spring. His translated work The Translation and Appreciation of Shakespeare's Sonnets is forthcoming.</p>